Chapter 12: Mongol Eurasia And Its Aftermath Flashcards
What was the Mongol way of life, and how were decisions ratified?
They were nomadic and pastoral. They had a council with representatives from powerful families who ratified decisions.
How did Genghis Khan expand and control territories?
Warfare: catapults, horses, crossbows, iron weapons
They controlled territory by making them pay tribute.
What happened in 1265?
The Mongol Empire split up after Khublai Khan announced himself as Great Khan
What was the impact of Marco Polo’s narratives in Europe?
They promoted trade interest with China, which eventually led to an easier route. They also gained knowledge about gunpowder, moveable type, bronze cannons, metallurgy, math, and astronomy.
Why was there conflict between the Il-Khans and the Golden Khanate?
Baghdad was sacked, and the Il-Khan was formed. They killed the last Caliph, and the Golden Horde, Who were Muslims, wanted revenge. The Il-Khans later converted to Islam.
Who attacked Muslim sultanates in Delhi?
Timur, the Khan of Jagadai.
What is tax farming?
The selling of contracts to corporations who in turn get to keep extra money that is not given to the government.
What were some Timurid advancements?
Astronomy. Timurid was in a trade crossroads, so there was cultural flourishing.
Who attempted to write the world’s first history?
Rashid al-Din of the Il-Khan
Who were Stephan Dushan, Alexander Nevskii, and Ivan III?
Stephan Dushan: declared himself leader of eastern Europe during the collapse of the Byzantine.
Alexander Nevskii: the prince of Novogorod. He persuaded some fellow princes to submit to the Mongols.
Ivan III: prince of Moscow who established himself as an autocratic ruler in the late 1400s.
How did the Mongols affect the Russian Orthodox Church?
They cooperated, so the Orthodox Church got priveleges.
What was the impact of the Mongols on Yuan China?
They permanently reunited the Song territories, city populations increased, the capital was moved to Beijing. The Mongols were at the top of the social hierarchy.
How did the Ming emperors show rejection of the Mongols?
They cut off trade.
Why did Ming economy suffer after Yongle?
There was no emphasis on merchants. Confucian ideology was reinstated, and there was less trade and commercial development.
What were the commercial products and literature of the Ming?
Porcelain, furniture, screens, and silk.
Luo Guanzhong- Water Margin and Romance of the Three Kingdoms
What were some Yi Korea advancements?
cotton, movable type, bronze cannons, gunpowder, printing, and literacy.
What was the relationship between the Mongols and the Koryo family like?
They became linked to the Great Khan by marriage.
What stopped the Mongols from invading Japan? What was the impact of this?
A typhoon/ kamikaze. This led to a more centralized government that focused more on military.
What was the original religion of the Mongols?
Shamanism- rituals in which special individuals influenced/ visited the supernatural world. They believed in world leadership by a khan, who could speak to/ for an ultimate god.
Most families believed in 2 or more religions.
What happened after the death of Genghis Khan in 1227?
His son Ogodei continued to assault China. He destroyed the Tanggut and Jin.
Who attacked Russia?
Batu
Unity began to unravel after whose death in 1241? What happened?
Ogodei’s death. Khubilai declared himself the Great Khan, and the other family members did not accept this.
What happened to cities that resisted Mongol attack?
Mass slaughter and starvation. Surrendering gave them food, shelter, and protection. The Mongols used bloodletting to spread terror, so it was easier to persuade cities to surrender.
What happened to cities that resisted Mongol attack?
Mass slaughter and starvation. Surrendering gave them food, shelter, and protection. The Mongols used bloodletting to spread terror, so it was easier to persuade cities to surrender.
