Chapter 32: The End Of The Cold War And The Challenges Of Economic Development And Immigration. 1975-2000

Question 1

The “Brazilian Solution” refers to…

Answer 1

The combination of dictatorship, repression, and government promotion of industrialization

Question 2

Salvador Allende sought to implement socialists reforms in what country?

Answer 2

Chile

Question 3

The first Latin American nation to experience conservative reaction to the Cuban revolution was:

Answer 3

Brazil

Question 4

The “Dirty War” was fought in what country?

Answer 4

Argentina

Question 5

“Dirty War” was so deemed because it was characterized by what?

Answer 5

Torture and executions by the military.

Question 6

Which Untied States president worked to reestablish Panamanian Sovereignty in the Canal Zone?

Answer 6

Jimmy Carter

Question 7

The “Contras” were…

Answer 7

Counterrevolutionaries financed by the Regan administration to oppose the Sandinistas

Question 8

Which events contributed to the end of the Contra-led faction in El Salvador?

Answer 8

• the murder of Father Oscar Romero
• The U.S. congress refusing to support Regan’s guns-for-Contras policy
• the collapse of the Soviet Union
• Lack of popular support in the country

Question 9

Neo-liberalism was the policy of…

Answer 9

Reducing the role of the state in the economy.

Question 10

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini led an Iranian revolt in 1979 against the former shah and then implemented what?

Answer 10

A parliamentary republic with strict control by religious officials.

Question 11

The Shah of Iran was supported strongly by:

Answer 11

The United States of America

Question 12

One of the reasons for the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war was what?

Answer 12

Saddam Hussein’s fear that the revolutionary government of Iran would incite Iraq’s Shi’ites to rebellion

Question 13

In order to finance arms to Iran to secure the release of American hostages, President Ronald Regan illicitly sold arms and financed the war against who?

Answer 13

Sandinistas

Question 14

Which country engaged in an “unwinnable War” with Afghanistan in the 1980’s?

Answer 14

The USSR

Question 15

Who were the Asian Tigers?

Answer 15

South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan

Question 16

The keiretsu were…

Answer 16

An alliance of corporations and the banks that ruled the Japanese economy.

Question 17

Crucial to the success of the Japanese economy in the 1970’s and 1980’s was

Answer 17

Tariffs and the import regulations restricting foreign competition.

Question 18

Under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, China did what?

Answer 18

Experienced economic growth because of freeing industries from the state run system and permitted foreign investment for the first time since 1949

Question 19

As a response to the protests that culminated in Tiananmen Square, the Chinese government…

Answer 19

Used force

Question 20

Which is most the of the communist states by the 1980s and 1990s?

Answer 20

Deep divisions had appeared among the communist states

Question 21

The policy of reconstructing the Soviet Union as authorized by Mikhail Gorbachev was known as…

Answer 21

Perestroika

Question 22

Solidarity was…

Answer 22

• a labor union of polish shipyard workers
• Supported by the Catholic Church in Poland
• A union that caused the Polish governments to impose martial law
• A potent force with nationally recognized leaders

Question 23

The playright who was elected president of Czechoslovakia in 1990 was…

Answer 23

Vaclav Havel

Question 24

East Germany was united with West Germany in what year?

Answer 24

1990

Question 25

What powerful force ultimately caused the USSR to dissolve?

Answer 25

Nationalism

Question 26

The result of the hard-line Communist coup against Gorbachev was that...

Answer 26

- Boris Yeltsin led popular resistance to the coup - disgust with communism boiled over - The Russian Republic effectively took the place of the USSR - The coup failed

Question 27

The Soviet Union was dissolved in what year?

Answer 27

1991

Question 28

After the fall of the Soviet Union, nationalism and diversity undermined the Balkan nation of...

Answer 28

Yugoslavia

Question 29

Ethnic cleansing in the Balkans occurred between...

Answer 29

Christian Serbians and Muslims

Question 30

NATO forces were dispatched to the Balkans and used air strikes against Serbia to stop ethnic cleansing in:

Answer 30

Kosovo

Question 31

In 1798, Thomas Malthus argued that...

Answer 31

Population growth would outstrip food production

Question 32

Societies that have made the “demographic transition” have...

Answer 32

Lowered fertility rates.

Question 33

Industrialized nations questioning the rapid population growth in third world countries did do because of:

Answer 33

racism religious outlooks fear of greater power through greater population fear of strain on global resources

Question 34

World population between 1950-1985 increased by how much?

Answer 34

It increased by 100%

Question 35

In 1994, genocide was perpetrated by...

Answer 35

Rwandan Hutus against Tutsis

Question 36

28 million of the 40 million people infected with the HIV virus live in what continent?

Answer 36

Africa!

Question 37

What is not associated with low birth rates of older industrial nations.

Answer 37

Environmental pollution.

Question 38

Which two nations account for approximately 1/3 of the worlds population?

Answer 38

India and China

Question 39

All of the following factors have contributed to the declining life expectancy in Eastern Europe except...

Answer 39

Famine

Question 40

Increases in global immigration are due in large part to...

Answer 40

Growing populations in developing nations.

Question 41

Despite the unprecedented global economic growth since 1945, the majority of the world’s population...

Answer 41

Remains in poverty.

Question 42

Internal migration in developing nations resulted in what?

Answer 42

Migrants enjoying a better life in the cities.

Question 43

Although immigrants from developing nations bring many benefits to a new country, they what?

Answer 43

Face anti-immigrant discrimination and resentment

Question 44

Anti-immigrant feelings in industrialized nations are mostly due to what?

Answer 44

An ethnically derived sense of nationality

Question 45

What is not true about technological innovation after WW 2?

Answer 45

It caused a decline in world agriculture production due to the focus on tech, leading to worldwide starvation

Question 46

As western economies recovered from WW 2, most...

Answer 46

Consumers sought new goods to purchase.

Question 47

The most influential technology of the last three decades has been what?

Answer 47

The computer

Question 48

The primary agent of technological change is the...

Answer 48

Transnational corporation

Question 49

What factors have contributed to the globalization of fast food?

Answer 49

- Later marriage ages in modern industrial societies - Busy schedules mean less family meals - Increased immigration/ travel - Greater cultural promotion in various media

Question 50

Which country has arguably the worst environmental record?

Answer 50

The former Soviet Union

Question 51

Efforts to preserve the environment included what?

Answer 51

- The Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Endangered Species Act - promoting the use of solar and wind trivia - Manufacturing fuel-efficient cars - Recycling efforts

Question 52

What was Glasnost?

Answer 52

openness

Question 53

When did the Cold War end?

Answer 53

1991