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Biochemistry > Review II- 10/16/21 > Flashcards

Review II- 10/16/21 Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids

A

Hydrophobic molecules extracted from cells by non-polar solvents which associate with each other, excluding water

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2
Q

Fatty acid based lipids

A

Ampipathic, micelle forming, includes TAGS

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3
Q

Isoprenoids

A

Cholesterol

  • Membranes
  • Signals
  • Cofactors
  • Fat soluble vitamins
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4
Q

Linoleic acid

A

Omega 6 fatty acid, 18:2 delta 9,12

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5
Q

Linolenic acid

A

Omega 3 fatty acid, 18:3 delta 9,12,15

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6
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

omega 6 and omega 3

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7
Q

Long chain fatty acid absorption

A

Absorbed in SI, incorporated into chylomicron then transported by lacteals to subclavian vein

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8
Q

Medium chain FA absorption

A

More easily hydrolyzed, absorbed and enter mitochondria directly, enter portal circulation like carbs
Treatment for premature infants, epilepsy, chronic pancreatitis

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9
Q

Short chain Fatty acids

A

Produced by colon microbiome, 6-10% of energy, 80% of colonocyte energy, can cross blood brain barrier

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10
Q

Fatty acid melting temp effect

A

Cis double bonds biggest effect in lowering, longer length higher MP, trans lowers a little

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11
Q

Critical micelle concentration

A

Concentration of free FAs in H20 that they start forming micelles

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12
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

Lingual lipase, gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase (stimulated by CCK)

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13
Q

CCK

A

Stimulates pancreatic lipase and PLA

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14
Q

Cholate

A

AKA cholic acid, is a bile salt, 95% recycled

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15
Q

Absorption of long chain FAs

A

Either passive diffusion across membrane or mediated by Fatty acid transferases

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16
Q

NPC1L1

A

Helps cholesterol uptake into cells

17
Q

Exetimibe

A

Blocks the action of NPC1L1

18
Q

ACAT

A

Esterifies cholesterol to acetyl CoA

19
Q

Problems leading to malabsorption and steatorrhea

A

-Biliary obstruction
-Pancreatic diseas
-celiac disease
Loss of essential FAs and fat soluble vitamins

20
Q

TAG synthase

A

Reassembles TAGs in intestinal epithelia from 2-MAG and 2 Acyl-CoA

21
Q

ApoB48

A

On chylomicrons, recognized by LRP for uptake in liver

22
Q

MTP

A

Microsomal transport protein, loads lipids onto ApoB48 particle

23
Q

Abetalipoprotemia aka Bassein-Kornzweig disease

A

Lack of MTP, very low serum levels of TAG and CE

24
Q

Apo C-II

A

Cofactor for LPL

25
Q

Serum MAG hydrolase

A

Take 2 MAG and turns to glycerol and FA

26
Q

Apo E

A

Stimulates hepatic triglycerol lipase on liver (HTGL)

27
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

High LDL

28
Q

Foam cells

A

Macrophages that have eaten oxidized LDL in the tunica intima, secrete MMP and growth factors to stimulate smooth muscle growth

29
Q

Apo-B100

A

On VLDL and LDL, recognized by LDL receptor

30
Q

Lysosomal acid lipase

A

Has cholesterol esterase activity that creates FC

31
Q

PCSK9

A

Promotes degradation of LDL receptor, inhibition lowers plasma LDL levels

32
Q

LDL receptor half life

A

About 20 hours, one trip every 10 mins

33
Q

LDL half life

A

Around 3 minutes

34
Q

How to get rid of cholesterol

A

Excreted through skin and digestive tract, make steroids

35
Q

Regulation of HMG coA reductase

A

FC leads to down in gene transcription and amount of enzyme
Lack of FC leads to increase in transcription
Statins
Phosphorylation by AMPK

36
Q

Products of isoprenoid pathway

A

Cholesterol, ubiquinone, Dolichol, farenesylated proteins

37
Q

LCAT

A

Esterizes FC to FA CE in HDL, removes extra cholesterol, activated by ApoA1

38
Q

SRB1

A

Scavenger receptor, picks up HDL for degradation

39
Q

CETP

A

Cholesterol ester transport protein, transfers CEs to VLDL and TGs to HDL

Biochemistry (29 decks)

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