Diabetes- Lecture 10/1/21

Question 1

Long term complications of diabetes

Answer 1

• Diabetic eye
• Diabetic feet
• Diabetic kidney
• Diabetic heart

Question 2

Problems of hyperglycemia

Answer 2

1. Glucose reacts with metals to generate reactive oxygen species, affects NADPH/NADP+ ration
   Tissue damage

Question 3

How does Insulin decrease glucose (3)

Answer 3

• Increase in uptake
• Increase in glycogen storage
• Decrease in gluconeogenesis

Question 4

Acarbose

Answer 4

Glucosidase inhibitor, slowing down enzymes that turns carbs into sugar

Question 5

Jardiance

Answer 5

SGLT2 inhibitor, decreases glucose reuptake

Question 6

Metformin

Answer 6

Reduces hepatic glucose output, block glucagon action and improve insulin sensitivity

Question 7

Insulin lifespan

Answer 7

Preproinsulin->Proinsulin->Insulin

Question 8

Sulfonylurea mechanism

Answer 8

Block K+ channels, leads to increased insulin secretion (used for patients with remaining B cells)

Question 9

GIP and GLP

Answer 9

Naturally occurring peptide with orally-ingested glucose, increases insulin secretion

Question 10

Adipokines

Answer 10

Secrete TNF-A, IL-6, Leptin, and free fatty acids which all inhibit insulin secretion

Question 11

Metabolic effect of lack of insulin

Answer 11

Hyperglycemia, decrease in FA synthesis, decrease in glycogen formation,

Question 12

The lipid triad

Answer 12

High TG, low HDL, high LDL