Intro To Lipids And Uptake- Lecture 9/29/21 Flashcards
Acanthocytes
Star shaped red blood cells
Lipids
Hydrophobic organic molecules can be extracted by non-polar solvents
Functions of lipids (4)
- Tag fat stores energy
- Membrane lipids
- Protein modification
- Signaling lipids
2 major classes of lipids
- Fatty acid based
- Isoprenoids (cholesterol)
Long chain fatty acids location of absorption
small intestine
Fatty acid naming
Total length chain; # of double bonds
Gamma carbon
Last carbon in FA chain
Stearic acid nomenclature
18:0
Palmitic acid
16:0
Omega number
(# of carbons)-(carbon # starting last double bonds), ex omega 3
Essential fatty acids
Linoleic and linolenic acid
Sphingosine-based
Amino alcohol fatty acids
TAG nomenclature
Change FA suffix from ic acid to oyl
List by position before “glycerol”
Changes melting points of FAs
Chain length, number of double bonds
Critical Micelle point
Concentration of free FAs that micelles start to form
Pancreatic lipase
Cleaves FAs off glycerol leaving monoacylglycerol
Bile salts
Involved in breaking down TAG droplets to be digestible by the pancreatic lipase
bile synthesis
Made from cholesterol in the liver
Fattyacidtranslocase
Receptor that absorbs the mixed micelles
Enterohepatic circulation
80-95% of the bile salts are recycled to the liver through this system
Triacylglycerol synthase
Resynthesizes TAG in intestinal epithelial cells
Chylomicron
Transport long chain fatty acids, cholesterol and fat soluble vitamins, biggest and least dense
Where chylomicrons are formed
Synthesized between the phospholipidbilayers of ER membranes
ApoB48
Added to phospholipid to form a nascent chylomicron
Lacteal
Lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine
