Genetic Material- Lecture 8/16/21

Question 1

Central Dogma

Answer 1

DNA->RNA->Protein
miRNA
IncRNA

Question 2

Purines

Answer 2

Guanine and Adenine

Question 3

Pyrimidines

Answer 3

Cytosine and Thymine

Question 4

Nucleoside

Answer 4

5 carbon sugar with base

Question 5

Nucleotide

Answer 5

5 carbon sugar, phosphate groups

Question 6

Major groove

Answer 6

Leaves B.p available for interactions, repeats every 10 nucleotides

Question 7

DNA kinase

Answer 7

Adds phosphate groups to DNA, regulates expression

Question 8

DNA phosphatase

Answer 8

Dephosphorylates DNA, regulates expression

Question 9

Negative superhelix

Answer 9

When the helix bends around itself in the opposite direction of the helix (left hand coiling)

Question 10

Positive superhelix

Answer 10

When the helix coils in the same direction of the helix (right hand coiling)

Question 11

Topoisomerases

Answer 11

Break the backbone of the DNA to cause supercoiling, can cut one backbne (Topo 1) or two (topo 2)

Question 12

Z DNA

Answer 12

DNA with left hand helix

Question 13

B DNA

Answer 13

DNA with right hand helix

Question 14

Tm of DNA

Answer 14

Temperature at which half the DNA is denatured

Question 15

Exons

Answer 15

Protein encoding regions of DNA

Question 16

Introns

Answer 16

Non-protein coding regions within a gene

Question 17

Reverse transcriptase

Answer 17

Takes a piece of RNA and creates DNA

Question 18

Proviruses

Answer 18

Areas of viral DNA that has been incorporated into chromosomes via reverse transcriptase

Question 19

SINES

Answer 19

Short, interspersed repeated elements, ~280 BPs long

Question 20

LINES

Answer 20

Long, interspersed repeat elements >500 bp long

Question 21

Simple Sequence repeats

Answer 21

2-5 bp repeats, present in everybody at the same specific chromosomal locations

Question 22

Single Nucleotide polymorphism

Answer 22

May be coding or non-coding, can be one bp difference from one allele to another

Question 23

Telomeres

Answer 23

Protective DNA at end of chromosomes

Question 24

Telomerase

Answer 24

Reverse transcriptase that adds to telomeres, active during development and cancer cells

Question 25

Histone

Answer 25

Octomer that DNA is organized around

Question 26

Chromatin

Answer 26

Groups of DNA +histone bundles