Genetic Material- Lecture 8/16/21 Flashcards
Central Dogma
DNA->RNA->Protein
miRNA
IncRNA
Purines
Guanine and Adenine
Pyrimidines
Cytosine and Thymine
Nucleoside
5 carbon sugar with base
Nucleotide
5 carbon sugar, phosphate groups
Major groove
Leaves B.p available for interactions, repeats every 10 nucleotides
DNA kinase
Adds phosphate groups to DNA, regulates expression
DNA phosphatase
Dephosphorylates DNA, regulates expression
Negative superhelix
When the helix bends around itself in the opposite direction of the helix (left hand coiling)
Positive superhelix
When the helix coils in the same direction of the helix (right hand coiling)
Topoisomerases
Break the backbone of the DNA to cause supercoiling, can cut one backbne (Topo 1) or two (topo 2)
Z DNA
DNA with left hand helix
B DNA
DNA with right hand helix
Tm of DNA
Temperature at which half the DNA is denatured
Exons
Protein encoding regions of DNA
Introns
Non-protein coding regions within a gene
Reverse transcriptase
Takes a piece of RNA and creates DNA
Proviruses
Areas of viral DNA that has been incorporated into chromosomes via reverse transcriptase
SINES
Short, interspersed repeated elements, ~280 BPs long
LINES
Long, interspersed repeat elements >500 bp long
Simple Sequence repeats
2-5 bp repeats, present in everybody at the same specific chromosomal locations
Single Nucleotide polymorphism
May be coding or non-coding, can be one bp difference from one allele to another
Telomeres
Protective DNA at end of chromosomes
Telomerase
Reverse transcriptase that adds to telomeres, active during development and cancer cells
Histone
Octomer that DNA is organized around
Chromatin
Groups of DNA +histone bundles
