Amino Breakdown

Question 1

Cells that turn glutamine to glutamate (3)

Answer 1

• Enterocyte
• Kidney
• Periportal hepatocyte

Question 2

Cells that turn glutamate to Glutamine

Answer 2

Perivenous hepatocyte

Question 3

NH3 role in urine

Answer 3

Neutralizes acidic urine

Question 4

Ketogenic amino acids

Answer 4

Leucine and lysine

Question 5

Glycogenic amino acids

Answer 5

Alanine, glutamate, glutamine

Question 6

Amino acids metabolized to pyruvate (3)

Answer 6

Alanine, serine, cysteine

Question 7

Amino acids that interconvert with a ketoglutarate

Answer 7

Arginine, proline, glutamine, glutamate (ornithine)

Question 8

Amino acids metabolized to succinyl-CoA

Answer 8

Threonine, methionine, isoleucine, valine (TIMV)

Question 9

Propionyl CoA

Answer 9

Intermediate that TIMV uses to get to succinylcholine CoA

Question 10

Branched chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase complex deficiency

Answer 10

Turns the keto acids from valine, isoleucine, and leucine (I love Vermont), deficiency leads to maple syrup urine disease

Question 11

Vitamin B12

Answer 11

Needed for the breakdown of TIMV (especially methionine)

Question 12

Intrinsic factor

Answer 12

A glycoprotein in stomach cells needed for uptake of Vitamin B12

Question 13

Amino acids broken down to OAA

Answer 13

Asparagine and Aspartate

Question 14

Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolized to

Answer 14

Fumarate and acetoacetate

Question 15

PKU

Answer 15

Enzymatic deficiency in eithe phenylalanine hydroxylase or the ability to recycle tetrahydrobiopterin

Question 16

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Answer 16

Turns Phenylalanine to tyrosine

Question 17

Tetrahydrobiopterin

Answer 17

Cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase

Question 18

Problem in PKU

Answer 18

Build up in phenylpyruvate, phenyllactate and phenylacetate, resulting from musty smell and brain damage (other aa not transported into neurons)