Review/Exam

Question 0

What makes active transport different from passive transport?

Answer 0

It doesn’t require the use of energy and the movement of a substance is DOWN the concentration gradient

Question 1

What are the monomers of proteins,nucleic acids and carbohydrates ?

Answer 1

P; Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides
Carb; Monosaccharide

Question 2

Define diffusion,osmosis,and facilitated diffusion.

Answer 2

Diffusion: the movement of a substance >area of high to low concentration
Osmosis: movement of water > low to high concentration
Facilitated diffusion: movement of larger substance (through the membrane with help of a transport protein)

Question 3

What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis ? Cellular respiration?

Answer 3

Chloroplasts = photosynthesis 
Mitochondria = Cellular respiration

Question 4

What is the main function of cellular respiration ? What organisms go through this process ?

Answer 4

To break down glucose into energy (ATP) for the cell. ; Mitochondria

Question 5

What are the base pairs in DNA ?

Answer 5

A-T

G-C

Question 6

DNA is used as the instructions for making what?

Answer 6

Proteins

Question 7

What the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 7

1. Phosphate
2. Base
3. Sugar

Question 8

In what organelle does transcription take place?

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

List 3 differences between DNA and RNA;

Answer 9

1. DNA has (T) -RNA has (U)
2. DNA replicates,RNA doesn’t
3. DNA is double-standee,RNA is single stranded

Question 10

Describe the 3 steps of DNA Replication

Answer 10

1. DNA Helicase unwinds and opens DNA.
2. DNA Polymerase adds complimentary bases to exposed strands/checks for errors
3. Two (identical) strands are produced

Question 11

Describe Isotonic

Answer 11

Water moves equally/balanced.

Question 12

Define Hyptonic

Answer 12

• Water moves INTO the cell > cells may swell/burst

Question 13

Cell membranes composed of what molecules?

Answer 13

Lipids (lipid molecules)

Question 14

Define Hypertonic.

Answer 14

Water moves OUT of cell > cell shrinks

Question 15

Describe the progression from DNA to protein. (Explain protein synthesis)

Answer 15

DNA>genes> mRNA>amino acid> protein

Question 16

What is ATP? ; What process is responsible for making it?

Answer 16

ATP is chemical energy and cellular respiration.

Question 17

What’s the equation for phtosynthesis? Identify the products and reactants.

Answer 17

6C02 + 6H20 > C6H1206 +6O2

Reactants: 6C02 + 6H20
Products: C6H1206 +6O2

Question 18

Write out the equation for cellular respiration. Identify the products and reactants.

Answer 18

C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6O2 + 6H2O + ATP

Products: C6H12O6 + 6O2
Reactants: 6O2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 19

Describe the structure of the cell membrane. What 2 things is it composed of? How does hydrophobic and hydrophilic relate to this structure?

Answer 19

It’s composed of phospholipds and proteins. The structure is composed of the lipid bilayer. Relation: Polar heads are hydrophilic,non-polar tails are hydrophobic .

Question 20

How is oxygen for formed during the process of photosynthesis?

Answer 20

Plants convert light energy and releases oxygen

Question 21

During what cellular process does ATP get synthesis?

Answer 21

Active Transport

Question 22

Plants can synthesize (make) energy which in sugar molecules using photosynthesis and later break them down into energy for performing life processes using cellular respiration. These two processes require direct interaction between what organelles?

Answer 22

Chloroplast and Mitochondria

Question 23

Sodium ions are “pumped’ from a region of lower to higher concentration in the nerve cells of humans. What type of transport is this?

Answer 23

Active transport

Question 24

What is the movement of water through a cell membrane called?

Answer 24

Osmosis

Question 25

What are 3 ways that DNA differs from RNA?

Answer 25

• DNA has Thymine (T) while RNA has Uracil (U)
• DNA is double-stranded while RNA is single-standed
• DNA is Deoxyribose while RNA Is Ribonucleic