Review/Exam Flashcards
What makes active transport different from passive transport?
It doesn’t require the use of energy and the movement of a substance is DOWN the concentration gradient
What are the monomers of proteins,nucleic acids and carbohydrates ?
P; Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides
Carb; Monosaccharide
Define diffusion,osmosis,and facilitated diffusion.
Diffusion: the movement of a substance >area of high to low concentration
Osmosis: movement of water > low to high concentration
Facilitated diffusion: movement of larger substance (through the membrane with help of a transport protein)
What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis ? Cellular respiration?
Chloroplasts = photosynthesis Mitochondria = Cellular respiration
What is the main function of cellular respiration ? What organisms go through this process ?
To break down glucose into energy (ATP) for the cell. ; Mitochondria
What are the base pairs in DNA ?
A-T
G-C
DNA is used as the instructions for making what?
Proteins
What the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
- Phosphate
- Base
- Sugar
In what organelle does transcription take place?
Nucleus
List 3 differences between DNA and RNA;
- DNA has (T) -RNA has (U)
- DNA replicates,RNA doesn’t
- DNA is double-standee,RNA is single stranded
Describe the 3 steps of DNA Replication
- DNA Helicase unwinds and opens DNA.
- DNA Polymerase adds complimentary bases to exposed strands/checks for errors
- Two (identical) strands are produced
Describe Isotonic
Water moves equally/balanced.
Define Hyptonic
- Water moves INTO the cell > cells may swell/burst
Cell membranes composed of what molecules?
Lipids (lipid molecules)
Define Hypertonic.
Water moves OUT of cell > cell shrinks
Describe the progression from DNA to protein. (Explain protein synthesis)
DNA>genes> mRNA>amino acid> protein
What is ATP? ; What process is responsible for making it?
ATP is chemical energy and cellular respiration.
What’s the equation for phtosynthesis? Identify the products and reactants.
6C02 + 6H20 > C6H1206 +6O2
Reactants: 6C02 + 6H20
Products: C6H1206 +6O2
Write out the equation for cellular respiration. Identify the products and reactants.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6O2 + 6H2O + ATP
Products: C6H12O6 + 6O2
Reactants: 6O2 + 6H2O + ATP
Describe the structure of the cell membrane. What 2 things is it composed of? How does hydrophobic and hydrophilic relate to this structure?
It’s composed of phospholipds and proteins. The structure is composed of the lipid bilayer. Relation: Polar heads are hydrophilic,non-polar tails are hydrophobic .
How is oxygen for formed during the process of photosynthesis?
Plants convert light energy and releases oxygen
During what cellular process does ATP get synthesis?
Active Transport
Plants can synthesize (make) energy which in sugar molecules using photosynthesis and later break them down into energy for performing life processes using cellular respiration. These two processes require direct interaction between what organelles?
Chloroplast and Mitochondria
Sodium ions are “pumped’ from a region of lower to higher concentration in the nerve cells of humans. What type of transport is this?
Active transport
What is the movement of water through a cell membrane called?
Osmosis
What are 3 ways that DNA differs from RNA?
- DNA has Thymine (T) while RNA has Uracil (U)
- DNA is double-stranded while RNA is single-standed
- DNA is Deoxyribose while RNA Is Ribonucleic
