DNA,Transcription Flashcards
Three steps to DNA
- DNA Helicase unwinds and opens DNA molecule
- DNA Polymerase adds new bases on each DNA strand & checks for errors
- Two identical DNA molecules are produced.
Three steps of transcription
- RNA Polymerase binds to DNA sequence & promoter
- RNA Polymerase unwinds and separates two strands of DNA
- RNA adds & links complementary RNA. Result= single strand mRNA
Why is DNA Replication known as “semi-conservative”?
Half of each strand (of the nucleotide) is old,half is new
The Three monomers composed of 3 different structures
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base
Sugar (Deoxyribose sugar)
How do nucleotides in DNA pair with one another?
Guanine (G) - Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T) - Adenine (A)
What must occur with a cell’s DNA before a cell divides?
It must replicate.
Chromosomes are located in…
The nucleus
DNA must “unwind and open” to replicate. What enzyme performs this?
DNA Helicase
What is the importance of DNA polymerase?
It adds new bases
Why do cells need to perform DNA replication before a cell goes through cell division?
It wouldn’t produce cells that have the exact DNA in it.
Which organelles make proteins?
Ribosomes
Which organelle holds the DNA?
Nucleus
Why do these two organelles in a cell make the transcription of mRNA necessary?
So they can communicate information
What kinds of bonds are broken when DNA is “unwound and opened”?
Hydrogen Bond
Which enzyme adds complimentary RNA nucleotides to the exposed DNA bases?
RNA Polymerase
