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Biology > DNA Structure & Replication > Flashcards

DNA Structure & Replication Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What 3 structures are the DNA Monomers composed of?

A
  1. Phosphate
  2. Nitrogen Base
  3. Deoxyribose Sugar
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1
Q

What structure does DNA arrange itself in?

A

Double Helix

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2
Q

Which structure is dependent on the type of nucleotide?

A

Nitrogen Base

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of nitrogen bases that make up nucleotides?

A
  1. Guanine
  2. Cytosine
  3. Thymine
  4. Adenine
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4
Q

How do the nucleotides in DNA pair with one another?

A

Guanine —> Cytosine

Thymine —> Adenine

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5
Q

Which 2 nitrogen bases are known as Purines?

A

Adenine & Guanine

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6
Q

Which 2 nitrogen bases are known as Pyramidines?

A

Cytosine & Thymine

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7
Q

What does DNA do?

A

DNA is the cell’s instructions for making proteins

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8
Q

What are the structures in DNA called?

A

Chromosomes

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9
Q

What do chromosomes contain?

A

Genes

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10
Q

Genes

A

Areas that have the code for a specific protein

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11
Q

Whom discovered the structure of DNA?

A

James Watson & Francis Crick

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12
Q

What bond connects nucleotides in base pairs?

A

Hydrogen Bond

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13
Q

Who discovered DNA?

A

Rosalind Franklin

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14
Q

DNA Helicase

A

A protein enzyme that opens up DNA exposing the nitrogen bases of the nucleotides

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15
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

A protein enzyme that adds new base pairs to the opened DNA strands

16
Q

Steps to DNA Replication

A
  1. DNA Helicase unwinds and opens the DNA Molecule
  2. DNA Polymerase adds new bases on to each DNA strand and checks for errors
  3. Two identical DNA molecules are produced
17
Q

Why is the DNA Replication Process known as “semi-conservative”?

A

Half of each strand is old, half is new

18
Q

Why do cells need to replicate their DNA?

A
  1. Growth of multi-cellular organisms
  2. Reproduction
  3. Repair of injury
  4. Replacement of old cells
19
Q

What is transcription?

A

A step in which DNA is turned into messenger RNA

20
Q

Which organelles make proteins?

A

Rough ER

21
Q

Why does the location of these 2 organelles in a cell make the transcription of mRNA necessary?

A

The nucleus sends instructions to Rough ER & sends it to ribosomes to make proteins

22
Q

Why do cells need to perform DNA replication before a cell goes through cell division?

A

So the cells that divide have the same DNA as the original cell

Biology (24 decks)

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