Asexual, Sexual, & Meiosis Flashcards
Binary Fission
A cell evenly splits itself in half
Asexual Reproduction
1 individual produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself
Budding
An offspring grows out off the body of the parent
Fragmentation
The body of the parent breaks into pieces that grow back into individual organisms
Parthenogenesis
Organisms that don’t need their eggs to be fertilized by males
What are the advantages of Asexual Reproduction?
- No mates
- No gametes
- Numerous offspring rapidly
- Stationary
What are the disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction?
- If Environment changes= deadly consequences
- Same weaknesses
- Lack genetic variation
Sexual Reproduction
Offspring are produced by the combination of genetic information from 2 parents of opposite sex
What are the disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction?
- Less offspring
- Time wasted finding mate
- Energy invested in producing gametes
What are the advantages of Sexual Reproduction?
- Increased genetic variation
2. Chance of surviving in a changing environment
Homologous Chromosomes
Similar in size and genetic information but different parents
Autosomal Chromosomes
Chromosomes that determine all traits not relating to gender
Somatic Cells/ Diploid Cells
Any cell that aren’t sperm or egg cells
Diploid Cells
Cell contains 2 complete sets of chromosomes
Haploid Cells
Cell only contains 1 complete set of chromosomes
Zygote
When the haploid sperm fertilizes that haploid egg , the diploid somatic cell is produced
What is created at the end of Mitosis?
2 identical diploid cells
What is created at the end of Meiosis?
4 genetically different haploid cells
What are the 3 processes that aid in increasing diversity in Independent Assortment?
- Crossing over
- Random Fertilization
- Gamete Formation
What is “Crossing Over”?
(In Prophase 1) When homologous chromosomes bond together in tetrads, the chromatid arms twist and exchange DNA
What is “Random Fertilization”?
The zygote is produced from the random combination of any 2 gametes
What is “Gamete Formation”?
The final products of Meiosis in males & females
Spermatogenesis
4 of the cells produced from the meiotic division will become sperm
Oogenesis
Only 1 of the cells produced during Oogenesis becomes a functional egg
Independent Assortment
Offspring can receive any random combination of the parents chromosomes pairs
Explain the sexual reproduction cycle
- Fertilization
- Mitosis
- Meiosis
Describe the cells after each division of Meiosis
M1: Diploid, Replicated
M2: Haploid, Replicated
Result: Haploid, Unreplicated
