Mitosis/Cell Division Flashcards
Mitosis only takes place if ______?
A cell successfully completes all the stages of interphase.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis describes the series of events that allow 1 cell to divide into 2 cells.
Why is successfully completing every step in interphase important before we divide a cell?
To prevent cellular disease
Describe Prophase.
- DNA condenses into ‘X’
- Nucleus breaks down exposing chromosomes
- Centrioles move to opposite sides of cell
What are the two major stages of a cell’s life and what do they do?
- Interphase - prepares to divide
2. Mitosis- divides
Interphase is broken up into 3 stages,what are these 3 stages? Describe them.
- G1 (Growth Phase 1) Phase - Rapid Growth,some organelles begin to replicate
- S Phase (Synthesis Phase) - DNA inside cell goes through stages of replication,DNA doubles
- G2 Phase - cell continues to grow, centrioles used to pull chromosomes cell apart during division
A cell’s nucleus contains the cell’s ____?
DNA
What is a centriole?
The middle of each chromosome in which there’s a large protein molecule
What is a chromatid?
The strand of DNA in which makes up a chromosome
Describe Anaphase
- Centrioles pull the chromosomes from both sides
- Centromes split down the MIDDLE
Describe Telephase.
- New nuclei form around separated chromosomes at each end at the cell.
Describe Cytokinesis.
- Cell pinches itself off in the middle.
What are the stages of mitosis (in order)?
- Prophase ( Early & Late)
- Metaphase ( Middle)
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
*(remember; PMATC)
In mitosis,when one cell goes through mitosis the end result is _______
Genetically identical cell’s. The original cell is the parent cell. The two NEW cell’s that are produced are daughter cell’s.
How is a cell described that is preparing for cell division?
Interphase
What significant thing occurs in S Phase?
DNA Replication
During what stage do the centromeres split?
Anaphase
If a cell fails to complete the final stage of Mitosis,what might be the result?
1 cell,2 nuclei
A parent cell has 6 chromosomes,how many chromosomes will the daughter cell’s have?
6
True or False. The cell spends the majority of its life span in Interphase?Explain why or why not.
False. The cell spends most of its time in Interphase
Who does the spindle fibers do?
It separates the chromatids.
Why does the body need to produce new cell’s every day?
- Growth
- Repair Damages (damaged cells)
- Replace old cell’s
The centromere is:
The large protein molecule in the middle of each chromosome
Chromosomes During Mitosis:
- DNA in the nucleus condenses
- Chromosome is composed of DNA nucleotides
- Chromotids are separated into each cell
Describe Metaphase.
- Centrioles produce spindle tethers,attaches to centromeres of each chromosome
- Centrioles shorten tethers,chromosomes line-up
During what stage does new nuclei form around the separated chromosomes at each end of the cell?
Telophase
During what stage does the cell pinch itself off in the middle?
Cytokinesis
During what stage does the centrioles spindle tethers which attach to the centromeres of each chromosome?
Metaphase
During what stage does DNA condenses into the classic chromosome ‘X’?
Prophase
What are the 4 checkpoints and why are checkpoint important?
- End of G1 Phase
- Throughout S Phase
- End of G2 Phase
- During Metaphase
Checkpoints are important because they make sure DNA is not mutated
