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Biology > Organic Compounds > Flashcards

Organic Compounds Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

All organic compounds are made of which element?

A

Carbon

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1
Q

List the 4 types of organic compounds

A
  1. Carbohydrate
  2. Proteins
  3. Lipids
  4. DNA
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2
Q

List the monomers for each of the following: Proteins, Carbohydrates, & Nucleic Acids

A

Proteins: amino acids
Carbohydrates: Monosaccharide
Nucleic Acids: Nucleotide

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3
Q

List examples of lipids

A
  • Fats
  • Phospholipids
  • Steroids
  • Waxes
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4
Q

How do enzymes help the body?

A

They make chemical reactions happen faster

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5
Q

________ substrates will fit with ______ enzymes.

A

Specific; Specific

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6
Q

What are the 3 steps in an enzyme reaction?

A
  1. Substrates bind to the active site
  2. Enzyme changes shape
  3. The change in shape breaks substrate bonds & the enzyme releases new products
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7
Q

What’s the monomer of a carbohydrate?

A

Monosaccharide

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8
Q

What are the polymers of a carbohydrate?

A

Disaccharide, Polysaccharide, & Carbs

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9
Q

What’s the carbohydrates function?

A

Source of Energy

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10
Q

Give examples of a carbohydrate

A
  • Fruits
  • starches
  • grains
  • glucose
  • fructose
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11
Q

What are the monomers in a lipid?

A

Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acids

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12
Q

What’s the polymer of a lipid?

A

Lipid

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13
Q

What’s the function of a lipid?

A

To store energy efficiently

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14
Q

What is the monomer of a protein?

A

Amino acids

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15
Q

What are the polymers of a protein?

A
  • Enzymes
  • Protein
  • Polypeptide chain
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16
Q

What is the function of a protein?

A 
• to transport oxygen throughout the    
body 
• serves as an antibody
• speed up chemical reactions
• lower active energy
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17
Q

What are examples of protein?

A
  • Red blood cells
  • Collagen
  • Hair
  • Amylase
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18
Q

What is the monomer of Nucleic Acid?

A

Nucleotides

19
Q

What is the polymer of Nucleic Acid?

A

Nucleic Acid

20
Q

What is the function of Nucleic Acid?

A
  • Heredity Information

* Main Energy Source

21
Q

What are examples of Nucleic Acid?

A
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • ATP
22
Q

What determines the shape of a protein?

A

The sequence of amino acids

23
Q

What are the 2 things that enzymes do for chemical reactions?

A
  1. Reduce activation energy

2. Provide correct alignment

24
Q

Which elements are found in each of the organic compounds?: Carbohydrate, Lipid, Protein, & Nucleic Acid

A 
Carbohydrate: CHO
Lipid: CHON
Protein: CHON
Nucleic Acid: CHONP
(Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, & Phosphorous)
25
Q

What are the 2 kinds of lipids? What is considered the “bad” fat and which is considered the “good fat”?

A

Unsaturated & Saturated; Unsaturated=good

Saturated=bad

26
Q

Polypeptide

A

Is a chain of molecules called amino acids linked together

27
Q

Hemoglobin

A

A protein that carries oxygen from your lungs to body tissues

28
Q

Enzyme

A

Proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions

29
Q

Active Site

A

The area of an enzyme that connects with the substrates

30
Q

Substrates

A

The reactants in a chemical reaction helped by an enzyme

31
Q

Enzymes need to work…….

A

Temperature range & pH range

32
Q

Monomer=Monosaccharide

A

Single sugars

33
Q

What are some examples of Monosaccharides?

A
  • Glucose (C6H12O6)
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
34
Q

Disaccharides

A

Formed when 2 monosaccharides are joined

35
Q

What are some examples of disaccharides?

A
  • Sucrose- glucose+fructose
  • Maltose- glucose+glucose
  • Lactose- galactose+glucose
36
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Chains of 3 or more monosaccharides; larger molecules made up of smaller molecules

37
Q

What are some examples of Polysaccharides?

A

Starch: made by plants
Glycogen: made by animals
Cellulose: provides structural support for plants

38
Q

What are some physical features if Saturated & Unsaturated fats?

A

Saturated: solid fats (ex: butter, lard, grease etc.)
Unsaturated: liquid fats (ex: plant oils, fish oils, vegetable oils etc.)

39
Q

What are lipids?

A

Non-polar molecules that are not soluble in water (2 of the same charge or no charge)

40
Q

What are the 3 parts of a Nucleotide?

A

A sugar, base, & a phosphate group

41
Q

What is DNA?

A
  • 2 strands held together by hydrogen bonds
  • double helix
  • store hereditary information that can be used to make proteins
42
Q

What is RNA ( Ribonucleic Acid)?

A

Single strand

43
Q

What is ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)?

A
  • single nucleotide w/2 extra energy-storing phosphate groups
  • Main energy currency of cells
  • Cells need a steady supply of ATP to function
44
Q

Crackers contain large carbohydrate molecules called starch. When you eat a cracker what helps break down the starch molecule into simpler sugars?

A

Amylase is a protein enzyme found in our saliva which breaks down starch molecules & other large carbohydrates

45
Q

The protein enzyme amylase breaks down the carbohydrate starch into simpler sugars called?

A

The enzyme amylase breaks down large polysaccharide molecules into smaller monosaccharides

Biology (24 decks)

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