Organic Compounds Flashcards
All organic compounds are made of which element?
Carbon
List the 4 types of organic compounds
- Carbohydrate
- Proteins
- Lipids
- DNA
List the monomers for each of the following: Proteins, Carbohydrates, & Nucleic Acids
Proteins: amino acids
Carbohydrates: Monosaccharide
Nucleic Acids: Nucleotide
List examples of lipids
- Fats
- Phospholipids
- Steroids
- Waxes
How do enzymes help the body?
They make chemical reactions happen faster
________ substrates will fit with ______ enzymes.
Specific; Specific
What are the 3 steps in an enzyme reaction?
- Substrates bind to the active site
- Enzyme changes shape
- The change in shape breaks substrate bonds & the enzyme releases new products
What’s the monomer of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
What are the polymers of a carbohydrate?
Disaccharide, Polysaccharide, & Carbs
What’s the carbohydrates function?
Source of Energy
Give examples of a carbohydrate
- Fruits
- starches
- grains
- glucose
- fructose
What are the monomers in a lipid?
Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acids
What’s the polymer of a lipid?
Lipid
What’s the function of a lipid?
To store energy efficiently
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino acids
What are the polymers of a protein?
- Enzymes
- Protein
- Polypeptide chain
What is the function of a protein?
• to transport oxygen throughout the body • serves as an antibody • speed up chemical reactions • lower active energy
What are examples of protein?
- Red blood cells
- Collagen
- Hair
- Amylase
What is the monomer of Nucleic Acid?
Nucleotides
What is the polymer of Nucleic Acid?
Nucleic Acid
What is the function of Nucleic Acid?
- Heredity Information
* Main Energy Source
What are examples of Nucleic Acid?
- DNA
- RNA
- ATP
What determines the shape of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids
What are the 2 things that enzymes do for chemical reactions?
- Reduce activation energy
2. Provide correct alignment
Which elements are found in each of the organic compounds?: Carbohydrate, Lipid, Protein, & Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrate: CHO Lipid: CHON Protein: CHON Nucleic Acid: CHONP (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, & Phosphorous)
What are the 2 kinds of lipids? What is considered the “bad” fat and which is considered the “good fat”?
Unsaturated & Saturated; Unsaturated=good
Saturated=bad
Polypeptide
Is a chain of molecules called amino acids linked together
Hemoglobin
A protein that carries oxygen from your lungs to body tissues
Enzyme
Proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions
Active Site
The area of an enzyme that connects with the substrates
Substrates
The reactants in a chemical reaction helped by an enzyme
Enzymes need to work…….
Temperature range & pH range
Monomer=Monosaccharide
Single sugars
What are some examples of Monosaccharides?
- Glucose (C6H12O6)
- Fructose
- Galactose
Disaccharides
Formed when 2 monosaccharides are joined
What are some examples of disaccharides?
- Sucrose- glucose+fructose
- Maltose- glucose+glucose
- Lactose- galactose+glucose
Polysaccharides
Chains of 3 or more monosaccharides; larger molecules made up of smaller molecules
What are some examples of Polysaccharides?
Starch: made by plants
Glycogen: made by animals
Cellulose: provides structural support for plants
What are some physical features if Saturated & Unsaturated fats?
Saturated: solid fats (ex: butter, lard, grease etc.)
Unsaturated: liquid fats (ex: plant oils, fish oils, vegetable oils etc.)
What are lipids?
Non-polar molecules that are not soluble in water (2 of the same charge or no charge)
What are the 3 parts of a Nucleotide?
A sugar, base, & a phosphate group
What is DNA?
- 2 strands held together by hydrogen bonds
- double helix
- store hereditary information that can be used to make proteins
What is RNA ( Ribonucleic Acid)?
Single strand
What is ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)?
- single nucleotide w/2 extra energy-storing phosphate groups
- Main energy currency of cells
- Cells need a steady supply of ATP to function
Crackers contain large carbohydrate molecules called starch. When you eat a cracker what helps break down the starch molecule into simpler sugars?
Amylase is a protein enzyme found in our saliva which breaks down starch molecules & other large carbohydrates
The protein enzyme amylase breaks down the carbohydrate starch into simpler sugars called?
The enzyme amylase breaks down large polysaccharide molecules into smaller monosaccharides
