Retroviruses

Question 1

True or False: Viruses with an envelope have poor survival outside the host.

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

Are feline retroviruses RNA or DNA viruses?

Answer 2

RNA

Question 3

Which subtypes of FIV predominate in North America?

Answer 3

A and B

Question 4

Transmission of FIV is mainly through what?

Answer 4

Bite wounds

Question 5

What are the 4 risk factors of FIV?

Answer 5

1. Older male
2. Outdoor access
3. History of fighting
4. FeLV infection

Question 6

How long does the acute phase of FIV last?

Answer 6

2-6 months

Question 7

During the acute phase of FIV, where does the virus replicate?

Answer 7

Lymphoid tissue

Question 8

True or False: There is no viremia associated with the acute phase of FIV.

Answer 8

FALSE - there is a short viremic period.

Question 9

During the acute phase of FIV, you may see a decrease in what cell lines?

Answer 9

1. CD4 T cells
2. CD8 T cells
3. Neutrophils

Question 10

What is the most consistent gastrointestinal signs of FIV?

Answer 10

Stomatitis

Question 11

True or False: During the subclinical phase of FIV it is difficult to recognize virus in the blood.

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

What does the ELISA test for FIV test for?

Answer 12

Antibody

Question 13

True or False: Because the FIV ELISA test tests antibody levels, false positives can be a problem.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

What are 2 scenerios when you might get a false positive with an FIV ELISA?

Answer 14

1. Kitten < 6 weeks (due to maternal antibodies)

2. FIV-vaccinated cat

Question 15

In what 5 specific scenarios should you test for FIV?

Answer 15

1. New cat
2. Sick cat
3. Possible exposure to FIV
4. Blood donor cat
5. Prior to FIV vaccination

Question 16

What do you do with a positive FIV cat < 6 months of age?

Answer 16

Retest again in 60 days and up until 6 months of age. You cannot consider that cat FIV positive until 6 months of age.

Question 17

With an FIV infection, how would your globulins be affected?

Answer 17

Globulins would be increased

Question 18

With an FIV infection, how would your urine sample be affected?

Answer 18

Proteinuria

Question 19

Which clades is the FIV vaccine against?

Answer 19

A and D

Question 20

True or False: There is no difference in mean survival time of FIV (+) and FIV (-) cats.

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

What are the 3 subgroups of FeLV most commonly seen?

Answer 21

FeLV-A

FeLV-B

FeLV-C

Question 22

Which subgroup of FeLV is infectious?

Answer 22

Only subgroup FeLV-A

Question 23

What is the main mode of transmission of FeLV?

Answer 23

Licking and grooming/shared food and water bowels

Question 24

What are the 3 risk factors of FeLV?

Answer 24

1. FIV infection
2. Access to outdoors
3. Contact with other cats

Question 25

What are the 4 types of FeLV infections?

Answer 25

1. Abortive
2. Focal
3. Regressive
4. Progressive

Question 26

Which of the 4 types of FeLV infections test negative on antigen tests?

Answer 26

Abortive & Focal

Question 27

How are the abortive and focal FeLV infections different?

Answer 27

Abortive - a robust immune response clears the virus

Focal - proviral DNA remains present in some tissues

Question 28

Which type of FeLV infection has active replication and shedding?

Answer 28

Progressive

Question 29

Which type of FeLV infection is persistently antigen positive?

Answer 29

Progressive