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Small Animal Internal Medicine > Antifungals > Flashcards

Antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

Are fungi prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes

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2
Q

True or False: Fungal metabolism is closer to mammals than it is to bacteria.

A

TRUE

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3
Q

What is the MOA of azoles?

A

Interfere with ergosterol synthesis inhibition of 14a-demethylase

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4
Q

Are the azoles fungicidal or fungistatic?

A

Fungistatic

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5
Q

Which of the following has good bioavailability, Imidazoles or Triazoles?

A

Triazoles

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6
Q

Which of the following is less toxic, Imidazoles or Triazoles?

A

Triazoles

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7
Q

Why are Triazoles less toxic than Imidazoles?

A

Triazoles have less of an effect on mammalian metabolism than Imidazoles.

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8
Q

Can you name the 3 Imidazoles?

A
  1. Ketoconazole
  2. Clotrimazole
  3. Enilconazole
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9
Q

Can you name the 4 Triazoles?

A
  1. Itraconazole
  2. Fluconazole
  3. Voriconazole
  4. Posaconazole
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10
Q

What are the 4 adverse effects associated with azoles?

A
  1. Hepatitis
  2. Ulcerative skin lesions (Itraconazole)
  3. Teratogenic
  4. Inhibition of mammalian P450 (interferes with metabolism of other drugs)
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11
Q

Which azole has the greatest likelihood of causing hepatitis, Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, or Fluconazole?

A

Ketoconazole

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12
Q

Is Amphotericin B fungicidal or fungistatic?

A

Fungistatic –> Fungicidal at high doses

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13
Q

What is the adverse effect associated with Amphotericin B?

A

Nephrotoxicity

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14
Q

What is 5-Flucytosine effective against?

A
  1. Cryptococcus

2. Candida

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15
Q

Is 5-Flucytosine fungistatic or fungicidal?

A

Fungistatic

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16
Q

What are the 3 adverse effects associated with 5-Flucytosine?

A
  1. Cutaneous drug eruptions in dogs
  2. Myelosuppression
  3. Resistance develops quickly
17
Q

How can you avoid the quick resistance that develops to 5-Flucytosine?

A

Always combine 5-Flucytosine with another anti-fungal to limit resistance.

18
Q

5-Flucytosine is an analog of what?

A

Pyrimidine

19
Q

5-Flucytosine is a fluorinated pyrimidine that interferes with _____ when converted to fluorouracil.

A

DNA replication

20
Q

What is the MOA of terbinafine?

A

Inhibition of squalene epoxidase, causing intracellular accumulation of squalene, which is toxic to cells, causing cell lysis.

21
Q

Is terbinafine fungistatic or fungicidal?

A

Fungicidal

22
Q

What adverse effect of terbinafine has been reported in the cat?

A

Facial pruritis

Small Animal Internal Medicine (36 decks)

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