Dermatophytosis Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatophytes invade what type of tissue?

A

Non-viable, keratinized tissue

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2
Q

What stage of hair growth do dermatophytes invade?

A

Anagen

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3
Q

What are the clinical features associated with dermatophytosis?

A
  1. Alopecic areas
  2. Erythema
  3. Crusts
  4. Scaling
  5. Hyperpigmentation
  6. Broken hairs
  7. Mild to moderate pruritus
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4
Q

What is furunculosis?

A

Open, draining tracts with serosanguinous fluid

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5
Q

What are the 3 most common causes of furunculosis?

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Demodex
  3. Dermatophytes
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6
Q

What is the most definitive, sensitive test for dermatophytosis?

A

Fungal culture

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7
Q

What are your systemic therapy options for dermatophytosis?

A
  1. Azoles
  2. Griseofulvin
  3. Lufenuron
  4. Terbinafine
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8
Q

What are the potential side effects of griseofulvin?

A
  1. Teratogenesis
  2. GI disturbance
  3. Anorexia
  4. Bone marrow suppression
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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the azoles?

A

Inhibit lanosterol-14 alpha-demthylase, which is responsible for forming ergosterol, a component of the fungal cell wall.

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10
Q

What are the potential side effects associated with Ketoconazole?

A
  1. Anorexia
  2. Diarrhea
  3. Weight loss
  4. Increased hepatic enzyme concentrations
  5. Alopecia
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11
Q

Why does Ketoconazole have a lot of adverse interactions with other drugs?

A

It inhibits the P-glycoprotein efflux pump (brain, liver, GI)

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12
Q

True or False: Ketoconazoles penetrates readily into areas such as the CNS, eyes, and prostate.

A

FALSE - they penetrate these areas poorly

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13
Q

Which of these drugs is best given with a meal to increase absorption: Ketoconazole or Griseofulvin?

A

BOTH

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Itraconazole?

A

Inhibits ergosterol synthesis

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15
Q

Is Itraconazole fungistatic or fungicidal?

A

Fungistatic

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16
Q

What are the adverse effects associated with Itraconazole?

A
  1. Vomiting
  2. Anorexia
  3. Increased hepatic enzyme concentrations
17
Q

Which of the following should be avoided in pregnant animals: Ketoconazole, Griseofulvin, or Itraconazole?

A

Griseofulvin & Itraconazole

18
Q

Which of the following is classified as a triazole: Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Griseofulvin, or Fluconazole?

A

Itraconazole & Fluconazole

19
Q

Which of the following is the best for penetration into tissues such as the CSF, eye, and claws: Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Griseofulvin, or Fluconazole?

A

Fluconazole

20
Q

What are the adverse effects associated with Fluconazole?

A
  1. Increased hepatic enzymes

2. Teratogenesis

21
Q

Is Terbinafine fungistatic or fungicidal?

A

Fungicidal

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Terbinafine?

A

Inhibits squalene epoxidase necessary for ergosterol synthesis.

23
Q

What are the side effects associated with Terbinafine?

A

Relatively few side effects: elevated ALT concentration in 1/3 of cats treated.

24
Q

Is Dermatophytosis contagious?

A

YES

25
Q

Is Dermatophytosis infectious?

A

YES

26
Q

Is Dermatophytosis zoonotic?

A

YES