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Small Animal Internal Medicine > Leptospirosis > Flashcards

Leptospirosis Flashcards

1
Q

Is Leptospira gram (-) or gram (+)?

A

Gram (-) spirochete

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2
Q

Put the following in order from least selective or most selective: Species, Strain, Serovar, Serogroup, Genus.

A

Genus –> Species –> Serogroup –> Serovar –> Strain

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3
Q

What are the vectors/reservoirs of lepto?

A
  1. Rats
  2. Mice
  3. Muskrats
  4. Opossums
  5. Squirrels
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4
Q

Name 4 routes of entry for lepto.

A
  1. Intact mucous membranes
  2. Wounds
  3. Transplacental
  4. Venereal
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5
Q

Name 3 things that easily kill lepto.

A
  1. Frost
  2. Disinfectants
  3. UV light
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6
Q

Explain the seasonality of leptospirosis.

A

Seasonality of outbreaks will be associated with rainfall.

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7
Q

Which dog breed has the highest prevalence to lepto?

A

Yorkies

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8
Q

PCR detects ____ of the leptosira organism.

A

DNA

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9
Q

Which will diagnose lepto earlier, PCR or serology?

A

PCR

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10
Q

Leptospirosis: Why should you submit both a urine sample and blood sample for PCR?

A

Organisms present in the blood <7 days post-infection

Organisms present in urine >7-14 days post-infection

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11
Q

True or False: A negative PCR result rules out Leptospirosis.

A

FALSE

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12
Q

There is a 4-serovar vaccine available against Leptospirosis. What are the 4 serovars?

A
  1. Icterhemorrhagiae
  2. Canicola
  3. Grippotyphosa
  4. Pomona
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13
Q

What is the mainstay antibiotic used in the treatment of Leptospirosis?

A

Doxycycline

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14
Q

How long is the duration of treatment with Doxycycline?

A

2 weeks

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15
Q

What antibiotic will clear the bacteremia associated with Leptospirosis?

A

Amoxicillin/ampicillin

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16
Q

Which antibiotic clears Leptospirosis infection from tissues such as the kidneys?

A

Doxycycline

17
Q

What does MAT stand for?

A

Microscopic agglutination test

18
Q

What is the GOLD STANDARD is diagnosis of Leptospirosis?

A

Serology (microscopic agglutination test)

19
Q

A titer of > 1 : ___ is positive for Leptospirosis.

A

> 1 : 1600

20
Q

What are 2 examples of false positives when using serology to diagnose Lepto?

A
  1. Vaccination

2. Previous exposure

21
Q

True or False: Leptospirosis is subclinical in cats.

A

TRUE

22
Q

True or False: It is highly recommended that all cats be vaccinated against Lepto.

A

FALSE - vaccination is not recommended

Small Animal Internal Medicine (36 decks)

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