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boards chiro essentials > Reticulo-endothelial Anatomy > Flashcards

Reticulo-endothelial Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a small, bean-shaped, encapsulated structure that drains lymphatics?

A

Lymph node

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2
Q

What is directly under the thin fibrous capsule of a lymph node?

A

Subcapsular sinus

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3
Q

What is underneath the subcapsular sinus of a lymph node?

A

The cortex

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4
Q

What is contained within the outer cortex of a lymph node?

A

Mature B cells

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5
Q

How are mature B cells organized within the outer cortex of a lymph node?

A

Follicles

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6
Q

What is in the follicles of lymph nodes?

A

Germinal centers

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7
Q

What is in the germinal center of a lymph node?

A

Active B cells

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8
Q

What is in the inner cortex of a lymph node?

A

Mature T cells

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9
Q

What is in the medulla of lymph nodes?

A

Lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages

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10
Q

Where does lymph drain out of the lymph node?

A

Medullary sinus

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11
Q

What do the medullary sinus contain?

A

Macrophages

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12
Q

Where do activated lymphocytes leave?

A

Via the hilum

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13
Q

Where do nerve fibers enter the the lymph node?

A

Hilum

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14
Q

What is the body’s largest aggregate of lymphoid tissue?

A

Spleen

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15
Q

Where does the spleen develop from?

A

Mesoderm in the dorsal mesentery of the stomach

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16
Q

Where does the spleen lie?

A

Under the left dome of the diaphragm close to the lower ribs

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17
Q

What are the approximate measurements of the spleen?

A

1” thick, 3” wide, 5” long, and 7 ounces

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18
Q

Where in the abdomen is the spleen?

A

Between the 9th and 11th ribs, in the left midaxillary line

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19
Q

What type of tissues are encapsulated in the spleen?

A

Red and White pulp

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20
Q

The spleen is attached by what ligaments?

A 
Gastrosplenic ligament (contains short and left gastroepiploic arteries)
Splenorenal ligament
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21
Q

What structures are near the visceral aspect of the spleen?

A

Tail of the pancreas
Stomach
Left kidney
Splenic flexure of the colin

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22
Q

Why is the liver considered part of the reticuloendothelial anatomy?

A

It contains many Kupffer cells that filter out bacteria

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23
Q

What is the weight of the liver?

A

3lbs, largest internal organ

24
Q

What does the liver develop from?

A

A ventral outgrowth of the distal end of the foregut

25
Q

What is the liver surrounded by?

A

A fibrous capsule

26
Q

What is the liver suspended by?

A

Coronary ligament

27
Q

What is the coronary ligament a continuation of?

A

Falciform ligament

28
Q

What does the falciform ligament contain?

A

The round ligament of the liver

29
Q

What is the liver covered mostly by?

A

Visceral peritoneum except for the bare area (bounded by coronary ligament) and where the IVC passes through

30
Q

What are the four anatomical lobes of the liver? which functional side do they belong to?

A

Right - right…
Left - left
Quadrate - left
Caudate - both

31
Q

What supplies blood to the right functional lobe?

A

The right hepatic artery

32
Q

What supplies blood to the left functional lobe?

A

Left hepatic artery

33
Q

What are the functional units of the livers made of?

A

Sinusoids

34
Q

What lines sinusoids of the liver?

A

Hepatocytes and Kupffer cells

35
Q

What are liver sinusoids fed by?

A

Branches of the hepatic artery, tributaries of the portal vein

36
Q

What is the proper hepatic artery a branch of?

A

Common hepatic artery from the celiac trunk

37
Q

What supplies the liver with most of its blood?

A

The portal vein (70%)

38
Q

What is the portal vein formed by?

A

Joining of the splenic and the superior mesenteric veins

39
Q

What drains into the splenic vein?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

40
Q

Where does venous blood from the sinusoids drain from?

A

Central veins to three hepatic veins which open into the IVC

41
Q

What do the right and left hepatic ducts drain?

A

Bile

42
Q

Where are the right and left hepatic ducts?

A

Porta hepatis which lies between the caudate and quadrate lobes

43
Q

What are the entire contents of the porta hepatis?

A

Right and left hepatic ducts, right and left hepatic arteries, right and left tributaries of the portal vein, autonomic nerves, and lymphatic vessels

44
Q

What is the thymus derived from?

A

3rd pharyngeal pouch

45
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

Anterior portion of the superior mediastinum

46
Q

What supplies the thymus?

A

Anterior intercostals and internal thoracic arteries

47
Q

What cell does the thymus produce?

A

T cells

48
Q

What is the cortex of the thymus a site of?

A

immature/maturing T cells

49
Q

What is the medulla of the thymus a site of?

A

Lymphocytes and hassall’s corpuscles

50
Q

What are Hassall’s corpuscles?

A

Central area of degenerated cells, surrounded by concentric, flattened, kreatinized epithelial cells

51
Q

Where does the thoracic duct begin?

A

Cisterna chyli (L1)

52
Q

What is the course of thoracic duct?

A

Passes through the diaphragm of T12 to the right of the aorta, It lies in the posterior mediastinum, and crosses left to right at T4/5

53
Q

Where does the thoracic end at?

A

The junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian vein

54
Q

What are the different tonsils in the pharynx?

A

Palatine, Tubal, Lingual

55
Q

What are lymphoid collections in the small intestine?

A

Peyer’s patch

boards chiro essentials (20 decks)

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