Reticulo-endothelial Anatomy Flashcards
What is a small, bean-shaped, encapsulated structure that drains lymphatics?
Lymph node
What is directly under the thin fibrous capsule of a lymph node?
Subcapsular sinus
What is underneath the subcapsular sinus of a lymph node?
The cortex
What is contained within the outer cortex of a lymph node?
Mature B cells
How are mature B cells organized within the outer cortex of a lymph node?
Follicles
What is in the follicles of lymph nodes?
Germinal centers
What is in the germinal center of a lymph node?
Active B cells
What is in the inner cortex of a lymph node?
Mature T cells
What is in the medulla of lymph nodes?
Lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages
Where does lymph drain out of the lymph node?
Medullary sinus
What do the medullary sinus contain?
Macrophages
Where do activated lymphocytes leave?
Via the hilum
Where do nerve fibers enter the the lymph node?
Hilum
What is the body’s largest aggregate of lymphoid tissue?
Spleen
Where does the spleen develop from?
Mesoderm in the dorsal mesentery of the stomach
Where does the spleen lie?
Under the left dome of the diaphragm close to the lower ribs
What are the approximate measurements of the spleen?
1” thick, 3” wide, 5” long, and 7 ounces
Where in the abdomen is the spleen?
Between the 9th and 11th ribs, in the left midaxillary line
What type of tissues are encapsulated in the spleen?
Red and White pulp
The spleen is attached by what ligaments?
Gastrosplenic ligament (contains short and left gastroepiploic arteries) Splenorenal ligament
What structures are near the visceral aspect of the spleen?
Tail of the pancreas
Stomach
Left kidney
Splenic flexure of the colin
Why is the liver considered part of the reticuloendothelial anatomy?
It contains many Kupffer cells that filter out bacteria
What is the weight of the liver?
3lbs, largest internal organ
What does the liver develop from?
A ventral outgrowth of the distal end of the foregut
What is the liver surrounded by?
A fibrous capsule
What is the liver suspended by?
Coronary ligament
What is the coronary ligament a continuation of?
Falciform ligament
What does the falciform ligament contain?
The round ligament of the liver
What is the liver covered mostly by?
Visceral peritoneum except for the bare area (bounded by coronary ligament) and where the IVC passes through
What are the four anatomical lobes of the liver? which functional side do they belong to?
Right - right…
Left - left
Quadrate - left
Caudate - both
What supplies blood to the right functional lobe?
The right hepatic artery
What supplies blood to the left functional lobe?
Left hepatic artery
What are the functional units of the livers made of?
Sinusoids
What lines sinusoids of the liver?
Hepatocytes and Kupffer cells
What are liver sinusoids fed by?
Branches of the hepatic artery, tributaries of the portal vein
What is the proper hepatic artery a branch of?
Common hepatic artery from the celiac trunk
What supplies the liver with most of its blood?
The portal vein (70%)
What is the portal vein formed by?
Joining of the splenic and the superior mesenteric veins
What drains into the splenic vein?
Inferior mesenteric vein
Where does venous blood from the sinusoids drain from?
Central veins to three hepatic veins which open into the IVC
What do the right and left hepatic ducts drain?
Bile
Where are the right and left hepatic ducts?
Porta hepatis which lies between the caudate and quadrate lobes
What are the entire contents of the porta hepatis?
Right and left hepatic ducts, right and left hepatic arteries, right and left tributaries of the portal vein, autonomic nerves, and lymphatic vessels
What is the thymus derived from?
3rd pharyngeal pouch
Where is the thymus located?
Anterior portion of the superior mediastinum
What supplies the thymus?
Anterior intercostals and internal thoracic arteries
What cell does the thymus produce?
T cells
What is the cortex of the thymus a site of?
immature/maturing T cells
What is the medulla of the thymus a site of?
Lymphocytes and hassall’s corpuscles
What are Hassall’s corpuscles?
Central area of degenerated cells, surrounded by concentric, flattened, kreatinized epithelial cells
Where does the thoracic duct begin?
Cisterna chyli (L1)
What is the course of thoracic duct?
Passes through the diaphragm of T12 to the right of the aorta, It lies in the posterior mediastinum, and crosses left to right at T4/5
Where does the thoracic end at?
The junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian vein
What are the different tonsils in the pharynx?
Palatine, Tubal, Lingual
What are lymphoid collections in the small intestine?
Peyer’s patch
