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Boards Chiro Essentials > Endocrine Anatomy > Flashcards

Endocrine Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the master endocrine gland?

A

Pituitary

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2
Q

What are the anterior embryological origins of the pituitary gland?

A

Rathke’s pouch

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3
Q

What are the posterior origins of the pituitary gland?

A

A down growth of the hypothalamus

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4
Q

Where does the pituitary gland lie?

A

The sella turcica

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5
Q

What covers the pituitary gland?

A

A fold of dura called diaphragm sellae

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6
Q

What does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produce?

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, PRL, GH

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7
Q

What does the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland store?

A

ADH and Oxytocin

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8
Q

What supplies the pituitary gland?

A

Superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries from the internal carotid

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9
Q

What is the structure of the thyroid gland?

A

An H shaped gland with two lobes and an isthmus connecting them

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10
Q

What is the thyroid gland derived from?

A

A mesodermal down growth from the foramen cecum

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11
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

Th anterior cervical triangle

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12
Q

What is the thyroid gland enclosed in?

A

A true fibrous capsule and an outer false capsule derived from pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia

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13
Q

What supplies blood to the thyroid gland?

A

Superior thyroid from external carotid
Inferior thyroid form the thyrocervical trunk
Thyroid ima in 3-10% of the population

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14
Q

What drains the thyroid gland?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins

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15
Q

What is the relationship between the arteries and veins supplying the thyroid gland?

A

The superior artery travels with the superior thyroid vein, and the middle thyroid vein accompanies the inferior thyroid artery

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16
Q

What nerve supplies the cricothyroid?

A

The external laryngeal nerve of the superior laryngeal nerve

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17
Q

What does the external laryngeal nerve travel with?

A

The superior thyroid artery

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18
Q

What supplies the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A

The recurrent laryngeal nerve

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19
Q

What travels with the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

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20
Q

What do the cuboidal cell-lined follicles of the thyroid secrete?

A

Thyroxin

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21
Q

What do the parafollicular cells of the thyroid secrete?

A

Calcitonin

22
Q

How many pairs of parathyroid glands are normal?

A

Two

23
Q

What are the superior parathyroid glands derived from?

A

Mesoderm in the 4th pharyngeal pouch

24
Q

What are the inferior parathyroid glands derived from?

A

The 3rd pharyngeal pouch

25
Q

What supplies the parathyroid gland?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

26
Q

What types of cells does the parathyroid hormone contain?

A

Chief cells and oxyphils

27
Q

What type of parathyroid cell secretes PTH?

A

Chief cells

28
Q

Which endocrine gland is also a exocrine gland?

A

Pancreas

29
Q

What is the pancreas derived from?

A

Ventral and dorsal endodermal buds of the foregut

30
Q

Which cells of the pancreas secrete insulin?

A

Beta cells

31
Q

Which cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon?

A

Alpha cells

32
Q

Which cells of the pancreas secrete somatostatin?

A

Delta cells

33
Q

What is embedded between the pancreatic acini?

A

The islets of Langerhans

34
Q

What are the parts of the pancreas?

A

The head, uncinate process, neck, body, and tail

35
Q

Where is the head of the pancreas?

A

The c-shaped curve of the duodenum

36
Q

What structures does the body of the pancreas lie across?

A

The IVC, aorta, and left kidney

37
Q

Where is the tail of the pancreas?

A

At the hilum of the spleen

38
Q

What is the duct of Wirsung?

A

The main pancreatic duct

39
Q

What does the main pancreatic duct join?

A

The common bile duct

40
Q

Where does the common bile duct open into?

A

The ampulla of Vater

41
Q

What is at the main pancreatic duct before the duodenum?

A

The smooth muscle sphincter of Oddi

42
Q

What is the duct of Santorini?

A

The accessory pancreatic duct

43
Q

Why are there differences in drainage of the pancreas?

A

The head is derived from the ventral pancreatic bud, and the rest is derived from the dorsal pancreatic bud

44
Q

What supplies blood to the pancreas?

A

The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the gastroduodenal artery
The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the superior mesenteric artery
The great pancreatic artery from the splenic artery

45
Q

What are the embryologic origins of the adrenal gland?

A

Cortex - mesoderm

Medulla - neuroectoderm

46
Q

What are the shapes of the adrenal glands?

A

Left - semilunar and larger

Right - triangular and smaller

47
Q

What are the three structural zones of the adrenal cortex and what do they produce?

A

Zona glomerulosa - mineralcorticoids
Zona fasciculata - glucocorticoids
Zona reticularis - sex hormones

48
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

Nnorepinephrine

49
Q

What does the adrenal medulla receive innervation from?

A

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers that pass through the celiac ganglion

50
Q

What arteries supply the adrenal gland? What are they branches of?

A

Superior adrenal from the inferior phrenic
Middle adrenal from the abdominal aorta
Inferior adrenal from the renal artery

51
Q

What does the left adrenal vein drain into?

A

Left renal vein

52
Q

What does the right adrenal vein drain into?

A

IVC

Boards Chiro Essentials (20 decks)

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