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Boards Chiro Essentials > IVF, IVD, Spinal Ligaments > Flashcards

IVF, IVD, Spinal Ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

What tissue makes of the IV disc?

A

Type 1 collagen (outer); Type 2 collagen (inner)

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2
Q

The outer part of the IV disc is called?

A

Annulus fibrosis

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3
Q

How many concentric laminae make up the annulus fibrosus?

A

15-20

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4
Q

What is the orientation of the IV disc fibers of the concentric laminae?

A

65 degrees to the vertical

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5
Q

Adjacent laminae have fibers oriented how?

A

The opposite direction

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6
Q

What is the inner aspect of the IV disc called?

A

Nucleus pulposus

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7
Q

What molecules does the nucleus pulposus contain?

A

Proteoglycan

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8
Q

What are the most external regions of the disc called?

A

Vertebral endplates

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9
Q

Where are the vertebral endplates thickest? thinnest?

A

Lumbar; thoracic

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10
Q

What portion of the IV disc is innervated?

A

The outer 1/3

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11
Q

The innervated portion of the IV disc is supplied by what nerves?

A

Sinuvertebral (recurrent meningeal), Sensory nerves via the gray rami communicans

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12
Q

How does the IV disc receive nutrition?

A

Diffusion from the vertebral endplates facilitated by spinal movement

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13
Q

What is the superior boundary of the IVF?

A

Inferior vertebral notch and pedicle of the vertebra above

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14
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the IVF?

A

Vertebral bodies and disc

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15
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the IVF?

A

Pedicle and the superior vertebral notch of the vertebra above

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16
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the IVF?

A

Anterior aspect of the zygapophyseal joint and capsule

17
Q

What are the contents of the IVF?

A

Spinal nerve, spinal nerve roots, DRG, spinal artery, veins, two-four sinuvertebral nerves, fat, and transforaminal ligaments

18
Q

What can narrow the IVF?

A

Osteophytes or prolapsed discs

19
Q

Internal disc disruptions may irritate spinal nerve roots how?

A

Inflammatory chemicals

20
Q

What area does the ALL cover?

A

The sacrum to the basal part of the occiput

21
Q

Is the ALL weaker or stronger than the PLL?

A

Stronger

22
Q

What does the ALL prevent?

A

Hyperextension

23
Q

What area does the PLL cover?

A

Extends from C2 to the sacrum

24
Q

Above C2 the PLL is called what?

A

Tectorial membrane

25
Q

What does the PLL prevent?

A

Hyperflexion

26
Q

Where does the supraspinous ligament attach?

A

Tips of the spinous process

27
Q

Beyond C7 what is the supraspinous ligament called?

A

Ligamentum Nuchae

28
Q

What does the supraspinous ligament prevent?

A

Hyperflexion

29
Q

What area does the interspinous ligament prevent?

A

Between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebra

30
Q

What does the interspinous ligament prevent?

A

Posterior translation and limits flexion

31
Q

What area does the ligamentum flavum cover?

A

The lamina of adjacent vertebra

32
Q

What does the ligamentum flavum limit?

A

Limits flexion and prevents buckling in extension

33
Q

What area does the intertransverse ligament cover?

A

Between the transverse processes

34
Q

What does the intertransverse ligament limit?

A

Lateral bending

35
Q

Where does the alar ligament attach?

A

The posterolateral aspect of the dens to the occipital condyles

36
Q

What does the alar ligament limit?

A

Limits axial rotation contralaterally

37
Q

Where does the apical ligament attach?

A

Apex of the dens to the anterior aspect of the foramen magnum

38
Q

What does the apical ligament limit?

A

Flexion and extension of C2

39
Q

Where does the cruciate ligament attach?

A

Transverse atlantal portion - via small tuberclesSuperior longitudinal - to the anterior lip of the foramen magnumInferior longitudinal - to the body of C2

Boards Chiro Essentials (20 decks)

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