IVF, IVD, Spinal Ligaments Flashcards
What tissue makes of the IV disc?
Type 1 collagen (outer); Type 2 collagen (inner)
The outer part of the IV disc is called?
Annulus fibrosis
How many concentric laminae make up the annulus fibrosus?
15-20
What is the orientation of the IV disc fibers of the concentric laminae?
65 degrees to the vertical
Adjacent laminae have fibers oriented how?
The opposite direction
What is the inner aspect of the IV disc called?
Nucleus pulposus
What molecules does the nucleus pulposus contain?
Proteoglycan
What are the most external regions of the disc called?
Vertebral endplates
Where are the vertebral endplates thickest? thinnest?
Lumbar; thoracic
What portion of the IV disc is innervated?
The outer 1/3
The innervated portion of the IV disc is supplied by what nerves?
Sinuvertebral (recurrent meningeal), Sensory nerves via the gray rami communicans
How does the IV disc receive nutrition?
Diffusion from the vertebral endplates facilitated by spinal movement
What is the superior boundary of the IVF?
Inferior vertebral notch and pedicle of the vertebra above
What is the anterior boundary of the IVF?
Vertebral bodies and disc
What is the inferior boundary of the IVF?
Pedicle and the superior vertebral notch of the vertebra above
What is the posterior boundary of the IVF?
Anterior aspect of the zygapophyseal joint and capsule
What are the contents of the IVF?
Spinal nerve, spinal nerve roots, DRG, spinal artery, veins, two-four sinuvertebral nerves, fat, and transforaminal ligaments
What can narrow the IVF?
Osteophytes or prolapsed discs
Internal disc disruptions may irritate spinal nerve roots how?
Inflammatory chemicals
What area does the ALL cover?
The sacrum to the basal part of the occiput
Is the ALL weaker or stronger than the PLL?
Stronger
What does the ALL prevent?
Hyperextension
What area does the PLL cover?
Extends from C2 to the sacrum
Above C2 the PLL is called what?
Tectorial membrane
What does the PLL prevent?
Hyperflexion
Where does the supraspinous ligament attach?
Tips of the spinous process
Beyond C7 what is the supraspinous ligament called?
Ligamentum Nuchae
What does the supraspinous ligament prevent?
Hyperflexion
What area does the interspinous ligament prevent?
Between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebra
What does the interspinous ligament prevent?
Posterior translation and limits flexion
What area does the ligamentum flavum cover?
The lamina of adjacent vertebra
What does the ligamentum flavum limit?
Limits flexion and prevents buckling in extension
What area does the intertransverse ligament cover?
Between the transverse processes
What does the intertransverse ligament limit?
Lateral bending
Where does the alar ligament attach?
The posterolateral aspect of the dens to the occipital condyles
What does the alar ligament limit?
Limits axial rotation contralaterally
Where does the apical ligament attach?
Apex of the dens to the anterior aspect of the foramen magnum
What does the apical ligament limit?
Flexion and extension of C2
Where does the cruciate ligament attach?
Transverse atlantal portion - via small tuberclesSuperior longitudinal - to the anterior lip of the foramen magnumInferior longitudinal - to the body of C2
