Respiratory Viruses Flashcards
Rinovirus genus
picornaviurs
antigenic shift
infrequently, at hemagglutinin alone or neuraminidase as well
symptoms of rhinovirus due to
inflammatory response bradykinin and histamine
parinfluenza virus (mumps virus)
paramyxovirus
SARS and MERS-CoV are caused by
coronaviruses
respiratory adenovirus injections can lead to
systemic infection, destructive productive infection or latent infections
parainfluenza virus, tends to be asymptomatic or mild
HPIV4
second most prevalent cause of common colds, URI,
Coronaviruses
measles virus enus
morbillivirus
HN protein (hemagglutinin attachment an neuramindadase) not present in
RSV
two emerging respiratory viruses with high mortality rates, jump from bats to people in Australia and Asia
Paramyoxvirade Hendra and Nipah viruses
hendra, nipa genus
henipavirus
Orthomyxovirus genus
Thogovirus
complications of influenza virus infection
primary viral pneumonia, 2nd bacteria pneumonia, myositis and cardiac involvement, neurologic syndrome (Guillain barre, encephalopahty, encephalitis)
most common cause of fatal acute respiratory tract infection in infants and youn children, reinfection occur throughout life, ubitquitous
Paramyoxviridae - respiratory syncytial virus
antigenic drift
minor changes in hemagglutinin or neuroamindidase or both, resulting from mutations
pathogenesis Resipratory syncytial virus (paramyoxvirdae)
syncintia with mutli-nucleated giant cell, giant cell death leads to accumulation in airways leading to pathology
severe disease in infants/elderly/immunnocompromsied, pumonary disease and COPD, by age 5, all children seropositive. Second most common cause of RTI after RSv
Human metapneumovirus hMPV
acute influenza infection in adults
rapid fever, malaise, myalgia, sore throat, nonproductive cough
non structural proteins in paramyoxovirus family modulate immune response in vivo
NS1 and NS2
Influenza pathogenesis
infects ciliarted epithielial cells in upper respiratory > cell damage due to virus activated CTL (viremia not a major role)
parainfluenza virus, tend to infect later in life and common cause of croup
HPIV1 and 2
similar to respiratory syncytial virus RSV, common cause of LRI including bronchitis in first year of life (a parainfluenza virus)
HPIV3
common cause of acute and lower RI in infants, young children, elderly and immunocompromised
Human parainfluenza viruses
family, hemmaglutinin and neuroimindase activity on single protein (virlal attachment and release)
Paramyovirus
paramyoxovirus genome
ss negative RNA
acute influenza infection in children
higher fever than adults, GI symptoms, ortitis media, myositis, more frequent croup
maternal infection protect infant protection in RSV? (paramyoxvirdae)
no
most important in limiting reinfection of rhinovirus
secretory IgA
disease mechanism respiratory syncytial virus (paramyoxviridae)
localized to resp tract, penumonia from cytopathologic spread of virus, narrows airways of infants, bronchiolitis mediated by host response
respiratrtory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus genus
penumovirus
