Respiratory System (Lecture)

Question 1

What is an obstructive respiratory condition?

Answer 1

Pt has difficulty exhaling all air from the lungs

Question 2

What is a restrictive respiratory condition?

Answer 2

Pt cannot fully fill their lungs w/ air. “Restricted” from expanding

Question 3

Define COPD

Answer 3

Category of respiratory disorders in which airflow is difficult or obstructed. Usually refers to bronchitis or emphysema.

Question 4

Define Bronchitis

Answer 4

• obstructive
• chronic inflammation, mucus overproduction, and fibrosis from inhaled irritants

Question 5

Define Emphysema

Answer 5

• Obstructive and restrictive
• Chronic lung irritation causes macrophages to release enzymes destroying alveolar walls and elastin making exhalation difficult and trapping huge volumes of air giving a barrel chest appearance

Question 6

Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Answer 6

• Restrictive
• Lung disorder in premature lungs where lack of alveolar surfactant causes alveoli to collapse on exhalation and requires tremendous effort on inhalation to reinflate.

Question 7

What parts of the Larynx are paired and what are they attached to?

Answer 7

1. Thyroid Cartilage
   
   • Laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)
2. Cricoid Cartilage
3. Arytenoid Cartilage

All attached to vocal cord

Question 8

Larynx

Answer 8

The voicebox
- cartilage skeleton (mostly hyaline cartilage)
- same function as conducting zone
- produce sound

Question 9

Answer 9

Epiglottis
- Elastic Cartilage
- closes off while eating

Glottis - Space between vocal cords
- overuse results in laryngitis

Question 10

Answer 10

Thyroid Cartilage

• Hyaline Cartilage

Question 11

Answer 11

Cricoid Cartilage

• Hyaline Cartilage

Question 12

Answer 12

Arytenoid Cartilage

• Hyaline Cartilage

Question 13

Answer 13

Vocal Cords (Ligaments)

Question 14

Answer 14

Carina

Question 15

Answer 15

Primary Bronchi

• 1 left, 1 right

Question 16

Answer 16

Secondary Bronchi

• 2 left, 3 right

Question 17

Answer 17

Tertiary Bronchi

Question 18

Answer 18

Terminal Bronchiole

• No cartilage, wrapped with smooth muscle
  1. Simple Columnar ET
  2. Simple Cuboidal ET

Question 19

Answer 19

Respiratory Bronchiole

• No cartilage, wrapped with smooth muscle
  1. Simple Columnar ET
  2. Simple Cuboidal ET

Question 20

What is specified in the diagram and what type of cells does it contain?

Answer 20

Alveoli

• Simple Squamous ET
  1. Type I cells (SSET)
  2. Type II cells (creates Surfactant to prevent alveolar walls from sticking together)
• Alveolar Macrophages (fixed)

Question 21

Answer 21

Visceral Pleura

Question 22

Answer 22

Parietal Pleura

Question 23

Answer 23

Pleural Cavity

• Filled with Pleural fluid

Question 24

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 24

1. Gas exchange
2. Speech
3. Blood Ph Regulation

Question 25

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 25

Nasal cavity –> Pharynx

Question 26

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 26

Larynx –> Alveoli

Question 27

Nasal Cavity

Answer 27

1. Conducting Zone-warms, humidifies, and filters air
   
   • Nasal cavity—> Terminal Bronchioles
2. Respiratory zone-gas exchange
   
   • respiratory bronchioles—>alveoli

Question 28

Respiratory epithelium

Answer 28

Part of the nasal cavity. Pseudostratified columnar ET w/ goblet cells and cilia
1. Warms air - Large superficial blood vessels
2. Humidify Air - mucus and submucosal secretions
3. Filtration - mucus

Question 29

Pharynx

Answer 29

Same function as conducting zone
1. Nasopharynx - opening of auditory tube (eustachian tube)
Separated by soft palate and uvula (Fx: close off nasopharynx when swallowing)
2. Oropharynx - Tonsils
3. Laryngopharynx - leads to larynx

Question 30

Sleep Apnea

Answer 30

loss of elastic fibers in the uvula

Question 31

Trachea

Answer 31

Windpipe
- Same Fx as conducting zone
- C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage (tracheal Cartilage: fx is to maintain shape of trachea)

Question 32

Asthma

Answer 32

Occurs from bronchiole constriction and thick mucus