Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT 231 > Digestive System (lecture) > Flashcards

Digestive System (lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Digestion
  3. Absorption
  4. Elimination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the purpose of ingestion and digestion?

A

Break down food to absorbable units. E.g. proteins to amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are accessory organs of the digestive system?

A
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • gall bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the oral cavity

A
  • NKSSET -> protects from abrasion
  • contains tongue -> skeletal muscle
  • contains salivary glands -> produce saliva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three types of salivary gland?

A
  • parotid
  • sublingual
  • submandibular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of saliva?

A
  1. Lysozyme -> kills bacteria
  2. Lubricate food
  3. Amylase -> breaks down starch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many teeth do humans have?

A

20 deciduous (baby)
32 permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the different types of permanent teeth?

A
  • 8 incisors=cut/bite
  • 4 canines=tear
  • 8 bicuspids (premolars)=chew
  • 12 molars=chew
    • last set are wisdom teeth
    • impacted wisdom teeth are removed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Rhythmic wave, one-directional movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the esophagus

A
  • NKSSET
  • Adventitia (no serosa)
  • Muscularis externa:
    • skeletal muscle: top 1/3
    • transition: middle 1/3
    • smooth muscle: bottom 1/3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is esophageal hiatus?

A

Hole in the diaphragm esophagus goes through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A
  1. store food
  2. mechanical digestion
  3. chemical digestion
  4. low pH to kill bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

controls what enters the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A

“false sphincter”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rugae

A

folds of the stomach (allows stomach to stretch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is gastric ulcer?

A
  • ET necrosis revealing CT
  • Sx: N/V, hematochezia, hematemesis, dyspnea
  • Tx: antibiotics and antacids
17
Q

What is hiatal hernia?

A
  • elastic fibers of the esophagus weaken
  • Sx: acid reflux,
  • Tx: medication, minor surgery
18
Q

Structures of the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

19
Q

Duodenum functions

A
  • neutralize stomach acid through bicarbonate from the pancreas
  • receives secretions from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
    • bile from the liver and gall bladder
    • bicarbonate and digestive enzymes from the pancreas
  • secretions from the sphincter of Oddi
20
Q

Jejunum functions

A

site for majority of absorption

21
Q

Ileum functions

A

majority of absorption
- lots of blood vessels and lymphocytes

22
Q

Large intestine functions

A
  1. store feces
  2. absorb water
  3. lots of bacteria
23
Q

Taenia Coli functions

A
  • ribbons of muscle along the large intestine that facilitate peristalsis and help form structures known as Haustra which aid in water and electrolyte absorption
24
Q

Cecum structures

A

Ileocecal Valve
- controls flow of digested material between the SI and LI

Appendix
- contains lots of bacteria

25
Q

Name the structures of the Large intestine

A

Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

26
Q

Sigmoid colon functions

A
  • store feces
  • Levator Ani muscle -> allows control of bowel movement
27
Q

What is appendicitis?

A
  • Inflammation of the appendix that closes off opening from the overproliferation of bacteria
  • can progress to burst appendix, which releases bacteria into peritoneal fluid (peritonitis)
28
Q

What is diverticulitis?

A

Pouches on the outsides of colon (diverticulum) that can become inflamed.

29
Q

What is colitis?

A

umbrella term that is used to describe diseases that cause colon inflammation

30
Q

Colon cancer

A
  • polyps
  • becoming number one cause of cancer deaths
    Dx: 1) colonoscopy -> Biopsy
    2) Stool sample
30
Q

Liver functions

A
  • makes bile to emulsify fat (breaks up into smaller pieces)
  • breaks down toxins and drugs
  • removes and destroys old RBCs
  • makes all blood proteins (except antibodies)
31
Q

What is the falciform ligament; liver?

A

Thin, crescent-shaped sheet of connective tissue that attaches part of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and the diaphragm

32
Q

Describe the pathway of bile

A
  1. From L & R lobe of liver (combine to common hepatic duct)
  2. Gallbladder (store bile). -> cystic duct
  3. Common bile duct -> released into duodenum
33
Q

What are gallstones?

A
  • Concentrated bile that forms stones.
  • prevention: male < 30 yo
34
Q

What is jaundice?

A
  • yellowing of skin, mucus membranes, and sclera due to excess buildup of bilirubin, a yellowish compound that is the byproduct of blood breaking down. It is also a component of bile.
  • common in newborns because the liver is unable to keep up with blood breakdown
    • Tx: phototherapy
35
Q

What is cirrhosis?

A
  • Scar tissue formed on the liver
    Sx: jaundice
    Tx: liver transplant

ANAT 231 (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions