Integumentary System (Lecture)

Question 1

Role of Integumentary System

Answer 1

1. Protection
2. Temperature Regulation
3. Sensation
4. Communication

Question 2

Epidermis is what kind of tissue?

Answer 2

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 3

Layers of the Epidermis

Answer 3

Stratum Corneum (Corneocytes-Dead cells) 
Stratum Lucidum (only in palms and feet soles)
Stratum Granulosum (Keratinocytes-Keratin Granules)
Stratum Spinosum (Keratinocytes, Desmosome)
Stratum Basale (Keratinocytes-Keratin, Melanocytes-Melanin, Macrophages-Phagocytosis)

Question 4

Dermis is what kind of tissue?

Answer 4

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 5

Layers of the Dermis and what kind of tissue are they?

Answer 5

Papillary Layer - Areolar CT: Gives O2 and Nutrients

Reticular Layer - dense irregular CT: Gives strength

Question 6

Hypodermis function

Answer 6

adipose tissue

1. fat storage
2. cushion
3. insulation

Question 7

Components of hair

Answer 7

a. arrector pili muscle (Vestigial Structure)
b. hair bulb (living area of hair)
c. hair follicle
d. hair papilla (dermal papilla)
e. hair shaft (dead area of hair)
f. sebaceous gland (Sebum Oil)
g. apocrine sweat gland

Question 8

Components of the nail

Answer 8

1. nail bed

2. nail root

Question 9

Name the types of Sense receptors

Answer 9

1. Touch Receptors (Light, vibration, and skin stretching)
2. Pressure receptors
3. Temperature receptors

Question 10

Glands of the skin

Answer 10

1. Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands (found in pores)
2. Apocrine sweat glands (found in hair follicle, axilla, pubic area, & areola)
3. Mammary glands (modified apocrine glands)
4. sebaceous glands
5. ceruminous glands (modified apocrine glands found in the external auditory canal. Produce cerumen aka ear wax)

Question 11

5 factors that determine Skin color and where are they found

Answer 11

a. melanin (found in stratum Basale layer)
b. Carotene (often in stratum corneum)
c. Hemoglobin
d. Pheomelanin-red (hypodermis)
e. Skin thickness variation

Question 12

Acne

Answer 12

Sebaceous gland blockage due to excess sebum

Question 13

Blister

Answer 13

Fluid accumulation between dermal and epidermal layers

Question 14

Burns

Answer 14

First degree - Only epidermis is damaged. Sx: redness, swelling, pain
Second degree - Epidermis & Dermis damaged. Sx: same as first but with blisters
Third Degree - Goes through all layers. Increased risk for infection and dehydration. Tx: skin graft

Question 15

Callus

Answer 15

Thickening of the epidermis in response to persistent friction

Question 16

Cellulite

Answer 16

Pockets of fat that push up against the dermal layer creating dimpled appearances on the skin

Question 17

Decubitus Ulcer

Answer 17

Epithelium dies revealing CT. Increased risk of infection and dehydration

Question 18

Psoriasis

Answer 18

Autoimmune Disorder from overproliferated keratinocytes creating scaley appearance. Tx: Immunosuppressant Drugs

Question 19

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 19

Cancer of keratinocytes in stratum basale layer. Dependent on UV exposure

Question 20

Melanoma

Answer 20

Cancer of melanocytes. Not Dependent on UV exposure

Question 21

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Answer 21

Cancer of Keratinocytes in stratum spinosum. dependent on UV exposure

Question 22

How to recognize melanoma

Answer 22

A- Asymmetry
B- Borders
C- Color
D- Diameter
E- Evolution

Question 23

Stretch Marks (Stria(e))

Answer 23

Dermal Scarring to extreme stretching of the skin tearing collagen fibers in the dermis

Question 24

Wound healing process

Answer 24

1. Blood clot
2. Macrophages enter clot & clear debris
3. fibroblasts enter clot; regrow collagen
4. Regrow epidermis

Question 25

Wrinkles

Answer 25

1. Collagen aligns along force of stretch
2. Loss of elastic fibers
   Tx: moisturizing creams, botox