Respiratory system

Question 1

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 1

located in the head + consist of the nose, sinuses, pharynx + larynx

Question 2

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 2

located mainly inside the chest, consists of the airways (tranchea, bronchi + bronchioles) + the lungs

Question 3

Respiratory system

Answer 3

the mucosa of the system is covered by a thick slippery fluid called mucus
the cells have tiny hair-like projections called cilia
particles or micro-organisms inhaled while breathing are trapped in the mucus + driven by cilia into the pharynx to be swallowed or coughed/sneezed out

Question 4

The cough reflex

Answer 4

is crucial in preventing food, drink or debris from entering the larynx + the lungs. if something if inhaled, such as foreign body this can lead to difficulty breathing + lack of oxygen

Question 5

The pharynx

Answer 5

extends from the nose + mouth + serves as a passage for air to the larynx.

Question 6

The larynx

Answer 6

can be visualised in the neck as the Adams apple + leads to the tranchea

Question 7

The tranchea

Answer 7

is the wind pipe + divide into the left + right main bronchi which carry air to left + right lungs. The bronchi divide into smaller tubes called bronchioles

Question 8

The lungs

Answer 8

are made of alveoli which are clusters of cells at the tip of terminal branches of the bronchioles - where gaseous exchange in the blood takes place

Question 9

Breathing

Answer 9

can occur because the throat is a sealed chamber the volume of which can increase + decrease by the action of the muscles involved in the chest cavity.

• when inhaling, the muscles expand outwards pulling the lungs with them + diaphragm downwards which increases the size of the chest cavity to fill with oxygen.
• relaxation of the chest muscles + diaphragm causes a reduction in volume + therefore forces air out of the lungs creating expiration.