Respiratory System

Question 1

Ribs

Answer 1

Curved bones

Protect lungs from fatal blows which may damage lungs

Question 2

Intercostal muscles

Answer 2

Muscles located in between ribs to keep ribs in place and move them when breathing

Question 3

Diaphragm

Answer 3

Forms floor of thorax
Skeletal muscles
Exhale, push up on lungs to help

Question 4

Trachea

Answer 4

Separated portion of throat where air passes through into lungs

Question 5

Bronchi

Answer 5

Separation of bronchus

One main branch in each lung

Question 6

Bronchioles

Answer 6

Further division of bronchus, contains alveoli at tips of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs

Question 7

Alveoli

Answer 7

Air sacs in which gas exchange of CO2 and O2 occur

Question 8

Pleural membrane

Answer 8

Outer lining of lungs
Spongy
Makes slippery fluid, reduce friction when rubbing against ribs

Question 9

Cilia cells

Answer 9

Moves mucus produced by goblet cells away from lungs

Question 10

Goblet cells

Answer 10

Catch impurities

Question 11

How air changes when it entered lungs

Answer 11

O2, 21%, 16%
CO2, 0.04%, 4%
N2, 78%

Question 12

Inspiration

Answer 12

Diaphragm interacts and becomes flat
Intercostal muscles contract
Rib cage moves up and out
Space in thorax, bigger
Pressure in thorax and lungs decreases
Air comes in

Question 13

Expiration

Answer 13

Diaphragm relaxes and curved
Intercostal muscles relax
Rib cage moves down and in
Space in thorax decreases
Pressure in thorax increases
Air out

Question 14

Smoking and effects

Answer 14

Smoke contains nicotine, 17 different chemicals, carcinogens
Chemicals contained in tar, collects in lungs
Cells mutate, cancer
Smoking increases risk of lung cancer and throats cancer

Question 15

Carbon monoxide

Answer 15

Toxic gas
Carboxyhaemoglobin
Haemoglobin stops binding with oxygen and lowers oxygen carrying capacity of boood
Heart disease

Question 16

Smoking during pregnancy

Answer 16

Low birth mass
Less oxygen
Affects growth and development

Question 17

Effects of smoking

Answer 17

Smoke from 1 cig will stop cilia beating for an hour
Chemicals destroy cilia
Mucus not swept away, clogs up air passages
Mucus in airways causes smokers cough
Irritation of airways causes bronchitis, inflammation
Emphesyma, walls of alveoli break down
Reduces SA for gas exchange, not enough oxygen

Question 18

Experiments to investigate effect of exercise on breathing in humans

Answer 18

Measure breath for 30 secs
Run for 1min
Measure breath
Once returned to resting rate run for 2mins
Repeat
Average

Question 19

Aerobic respiration

Answer 19

Glucose+Oxygen=>CO2+Water
C6H12O6+6O2=>6CO2+6H2O
In mitochondria
Glucose taken apart by cell, energy released in safe usable amounts

Question 20

Anaerobic respiration (animals)

Answer 20

Glucose=>Lactic acid
Glucose not broken down completely
Causes muscle fatigue
Oxygen debt

Question 21

Anaerobic respiration (plants)

Answer 21

Glucose=>carbon dioxide+ethanol
CO2 used in bread making
CO2 and ethanol in alcoholic drinks

Question 22

Investigation to show that CO2 is produced in respiration in animals

Answer 22

Hydrogen carbonate indicator and maggots in test tube with bung
Hydrogen carbonate will turn yellow in the prescence of CO2

Question 23

Investigation to show that heat is released in respiration

Answer 23

Soak peas in water for 24hours
Boil other peas
All peas rinsed in 1% bleach to sterilise
Rinse bleach, bleach damages see when outer coat splits
Put in thermos flask
Dead peas, no heat change, no respiration

Question 24

Investigation to show that CO2 is released in respiration

Answer 24

Test tube full of germinating peas, covered in aluminium foil
Put a gas syringe in
Put gas collected into lime water
Cloudy