Biological Molecules Flashcards
How much carbohydrates make up a person
0.5%
How much water is there in a person
70%
How much protein makes up a person
12%
How much lipids make up a person
15%
How much inorganic ions make up a person
2.5%
What are elements make up carbohydrates
C H O
What elements make up protein
C H O N
What elements make up lipids
C H O
What is the definition of inorganic
Simple compounds found occuring naturally such as CO2
What is the definition of organic
Complex compunds made by living organisms such as proteins, lipids and carbohydrates
What is the name of a single sugar unit
Monosaccharides
What is name of 2 sugar units
Disaccharides
What is the name of many sugar units
Polysaccharides
What are the characteristics of monosaccharides
It is soluble and tastes sweet.
Some examples are glucose (C6 H12 O6)
What are the characteristics of disaccharides
Made from 2 monosaccharides joined together. They are sweet and soluble. Some examples include maltose, sucrose and lactose
What are the characteristics of polysaccharides
Many hundreds of sugar units joined together. They are NOT sweet and soluble and they are strong. Examples include starch and glycogen which are used for storage
What are the smaller units of proteins
Amino acids. There are 20 different acids and it is the specific sequence of amino acids that determine the protein that is formed. There is a huge variety of different proteins
What do proteins look like
Some are highly folded into a special shape for a specific function. Such as haemoglobin in red blood cells is folded to carry oxygen molecules or enzymes are highly folded and have an active site
Others are less folded and have a straighter structure for strength such as keratin
What is the difference between fats and oils
Fats are solid at room temperature
Oils are liquid at room temperature
What is the structure of lipids
They are made of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
What is the function of lipids
Insulation
Store of energy
Protection of organs
What is the difference between lipids in oils and fats
Lipids in fats are saturated fats
Lipids in oils are unsaturated fats
Describe the food test for sugar
Add an equal volume of Benedicts solution. Benedicts solution is blue. Place the test tube in a hot boiling water bath for 3 and a half mins
What is the positive colour for the sugar test
Brick red
Describe the starch test
Few drops of iodine solution. Iodine is orange brown
What is the colour for the positive result for the starch test
Blue black
Decribe the protein test
Peform the biuret test
Add 2cm2 of Sodium Hydroxide and Copper Sulfate
What is the positive colour for the protein test
Purple
Decribe both tests for lipids
Grease spot test
Rub the sample onto filter paper and allow it to dry
Emulsion test
Add a reasonable quantity of ethanol which dissolves. Then add water
What is the positive result for the grease spot test
The filter paper should be translucent
What is the positive result for the emulsion test
The ethanol should be a milky white colour
