Blood And Circulatory System And Immune System

Question 1

Blood composition

Answer 1

Plasma
RBC
WBC
Platelets

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

Transport CO2, digested food, urea, hormones, heat energy, water

Question 3

RBC

Answer 3

Transport oxygen around blood
Biconcave LSA:V
No nucleus to carry more haemoglobin
Haemoglobin binds with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin

Question 4

WBC

Answer 4

Protect from disease
Lymphocytes, produce antibodies to fight microbes
Phagocytes, engulfs, digests microbes

Question 5

Platelets

Answer 5

Clots blood
Stops further bleeding
Stops microbe entering wound

Question 6

Immune system

Answer 6

Phagocyte
Lymphocyte
Non specific,
Fever, skin, phagocytosis
Specific,

Question 7

Antibodies

Answer 7

Made by lymphocytes
Specific to antigen on surface of pathogen
Combine with antigens on germs, destroyed by phagocyte
Break cell wall
Stick germs together so they cannot enter cells or reproduce

Question 8

General response

Answer 8

Aimed at any invading microbe
Phagocyte engulfs microbe
Traps microbe in vacuole 
Enzymes break it down
Soluble products absorbed into cytoplasm

Question 9

Specific immune response

Answer 9

Lymphocyte carries specific antibody
Encounters matching antigen, reproduce, makes copies of antibodies that neutralise pathogen
Memory cells made, remain in blood, immune

Question 10

Vaccinations

Answer 10

Immune system responds more quickly when exposed to microbes

Memory cells formed

Question 11

Order of operation in heart

Answer 11

Vena cava
Atrium
Ventricle
Pul artery
Pul vein
Atrium
Ventricle
Aorta

Question 12

Cardiac cycle

Answer 12

Blood enters atria
Atria wall contracts, raise bp, forces bicuspid and tricuspid valves open
Blood enters ventricles
Ventricles full, contract, increasing bp, close bicuspid and tricuspid
Ventricles continue to contract, p increases, semi lunar valves forced open
Blood ejected into aorta and pul artery
Ventricles empty, high p in aorta and pul artery close valves
Repeat

Question 13

Heart rate when we excersize

Answer 13

Heart increase no of beats/min 
Stroke volume increases
Muscles need more energy to contract
More aerobic respiration
More oxygen, glucose
Produce more CO2, water, must be removed

Question 14

Heart rate when we are stressed

Answer 14

Hr increases
Adrenaline
Fight, flight?

Question 15

Artery

Answer 15

Thick wall
Small lumen
Blood from heart
Fast flow
Hp
No valves
Bright red
Pulse

Question 16

Vein

Answer 16

Thin wall
Large lumen
Blood to heart
Lp
Dark red
Between muscles
Valves
No pulse

Question 17

Capillary

Answer 17

1 cell thick
V small lumen
From artery to vein
Blood flow slows down
No valves
No pulse
Bright red to dark red