respiratory system Flashcards
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
5 functions
- large ga sa between air and blood
- Moves air to and from lung surfaces
- Protect respiratory surfaces from outside environment
- Produce sound
- olfactory sense
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
what are the 2 portions of the respiratory tract
CONDUCTING PORTION :
nasal cavity - terminal bronchioles
RESPIRATORY PORTION:
bronchioles, alveoli
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
how many times do the airways branch?
23
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
what is the difference between the left and right lung?
right lung: 3 lobes inc middle lobe
left lung: 2 lobes only
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: RESPIRATORY MUCOSA
1) 2 layers
2) what part of the respiratory system does it line?
3) what underlines it
1) epithelial layer
areolar layer
2) conducting portion
3) lamina propria
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - respiratory mucosa
1) what feature does the upper resp. system include
2) in the conducting portion of the lower resp. , what is the feature and what does it do
1) mucous glands
2) smooth muscle, allow bronchi constriction, dilation
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
upper respiratory system (4)
nose
nasal cavity
sinuses
pharynx
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
lower respiratory system (5)
larynx
trachea
bronchus
bronchioles
alveoli
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - nasal cavity
1) where does air enter?
1) nostrils, external name — nasal vestibule
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - nasal cavity
what is the first particle filtration system?
what does it flow through next? (hint: 3 of them)
nasal hairs In nasal vestibule
through 3 nasal meatuses
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
what are the 2 types of palate?
where are they?
what do they separate?
what do they form?
HARD PALATE:
nasal cavity floor
separate nasal + oral cavities
roof of mouth
SOFT PALATE:
back of hard palate
divide superior nasopharynx from lower pharynx
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - pharynx
1) what 2 systems is this chamber shared by?
2) where is it located to and from?
3) what are the 3 divisions?
1) respiratory + digestive
2) from internal nares – larynx + esophagus entrance
3) nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - pharynx
what are the 3 divisions?
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - larynx
what does it surround?
what sort of structure is it?
glottis (lid to stop food entering)
cartilaginous
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1) how is sound produced?
2) how is sound variation produced?
3) what is the name of sound production at the larynx
1) air passing through glottis
vibrate vocal folds , sound waves
2) tension on vocal fold
3) phonation
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - bronchi
1) name of the internal ridge that separates R + L primary bronchi
2) which primary bronchus has the larger diameter and steeper descent
3) where do the primary bronchus travel to
+ along what surface of the lung
1) carina
2) Right primary bronchus
3) hilium , medial surface of lung
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
what forms the bronchial tree
primary bronchi + their branches
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - respiratory volumes
1) INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOL
2) TIDAL VOL
3) FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY
4) INSPIRATORY CAPACITY
1) vol of gas inspired after normal tidal inspiration
2) vol of gas inspired/expired during normal breath
3) gas in lungs after normal expiration
4) max gas inspired
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - respiratory volumes
5) EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOL
6) RESIDUAL VOL
7) VITAL CAPACITY
8) TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY
5) vol of gas expired at end of tidal expiration
6) vol of gas in lungs after max expiration
7) max vol of gas expired after max inspiration
8) total gas vol in lungs after max inspiration
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
what does the primary bronchi branch to form?
secondary bronchi (lobar bronchi)
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
what Is the name of the branches within the lungs?
intrapulmonary bronchi
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
what does the secondary bronchi branch to form?
what do these do?
segmental bronchi
supply air to single bronchopulmonary segment
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Tertiary bronchus branch into _________ ________ , which then branch into _________ __________
multiple bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1) bronchodilation
2) bronchoconstriction
what is happening?
what is it caused by?
1) bronchial airways dilating , sympathetic ANS activation
2) parasympathetic ANS activation / histamine release
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
what’s the difference between external + internal respiration?
EXTERNAL : o2 co2 exchange with environment
INTERNAL : cellular respiration
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
what is pulmonary ventilation?
physical movement of air in + out of respiratory tract
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
what is Boyle’s Law?
P = 1/V
p = pressure, v = volume
shows relationship between gas pressure and volume
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
describe the process of breathing (INSPIRATION)
- initiated by respiratory control centre in medulla
- diaphragm + intercostals contract
- diaphragm moves down
- external intercostals move ribs up and out
- thoracic cavity increased
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
describe surface tension
thin film of liquid around alveoli
surfactant molecules attracted to each other, helps passive recoil of alveoli
elastic recoil
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - quiet breathing
1) is the inhalation/exhalation passive or active?
2) name for deep breathing? dominated by?
3) name for shallow breathing? dominated by?
1) activate inhalation
passive exhalation
2) diaphragmatic breathing, diaphragm
3) costal breathing, ribcage movements
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - forced breathing
1) AKA:
2) inhalation/exhalation active or passive?
3) what is it assisted by?
1) hyperpnea
2) active
3) accessory muscles
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
equation which shows:
vol of air moved each minute
VE = f x VT
ve = vol of air moved each min
f = breaths per min
vt = tidal vol
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
equation which shows:
areolar ventilation
VA = f x (VT - VD)
va = areolar ventilation
f = breaths per min
vt = tidal vol
vd = dead anatomical space
