endocrine system Flashcards
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
what does it regulate (3)
growth
development
reproduction
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
what does it consist of (2)
hormones
glands
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
4 glands
hypothalamus
pituitary
pineal
parathyroid
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
what does: hypothalamus produce
regulatory hormones
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
what does pituitary gland produce
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
what does pineal gland produce
melatonin ,
maintain circadium rhythms
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
what does parathyroid gland produce
PTH (para thyroid hormone)
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
where are adrenal glands located
what do they secrete in which part
top of kidney
medulla: adrenaline + noradrenaline
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
what do pancreatic islets do
control blood sugar levels
insulin, glucagon
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
role of endocrine system
communication between blood stream with hormones
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
when is the only time a hormone will work
when it reaches target cell with receptor
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
3 types of hormones
AA derivatives
peptide hormones
lipid derivatives
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
AA derivative hormones
small
similar structure to AA
1/2 lipid sol, 1/2 water sol
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
peptide hormones
chains of AA
largest class of hormones
water sol
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
lipid derivatives
steroid - lipid sol
eicosanoids - water sol
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
2 location of receptors
ON CELL: G protein – second signals
INSIDE CELL: for lipid sol hormones
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
how is cAMP activated (4)
1) hormone bind to receptor, activate G protein – activate enzyme: ADENYLATE CYCLASE
2) this contest ATP - cAMP
3) cAMP activate kinase enzymes
4) kinases effected target cell
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
example how same hormone may have different effect
hormone may breakdown cAMP instead of stimulate it
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
steroid hormone process (6)
1) diffuse through membrane lipids
2) hormone bind to receptor in cytoplasm/nucleus
3) hormone-receptor complex bind to DNA
4) gene activation
5) transcription + mRNA production
6) translation + protein synthesis
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
what’s the difference between thyroid + steroid hormone action
THYROID has mitochondria receptors – increases atp production
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
how are free hormones V steroid/thyroid hormones
regulated
FREE = broken down liver, kidney, plasma enzymes
THYROID/STEROID = remain in blood stream
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
HYPOTHALAMUS location + role
between nervous + endocrine systems
regulatory hormones
effect pituitary function
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
PITUITARY GLAND locations + role
next to hypothalamus
ANTERIOR = hormones control other endocrine glands
POSTERIOR = oxytocin + ADH release
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - hypothalamus
production of ADH + oxytocin causes ….
release of ADH (anti diuretic) + oxytocin (lactation)
through dendrites
release from posterior pituitary
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - hypothalamus
release of regulatory hormones act on…… to
endocrine cells of anterior pituitary
secrete hormones through blood to control other endocrine organs
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
what stimulates secretion of catecholamines
preganglionic motor fibres from hypothalamus to adrenal gland
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
name of joining between hypothalamus and pituitary gland
infundibulum
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - pituitary gland
located where?
tissue in anterior + posterior
name of structure between
located in sphenoid bone hollow
posterior - neural tissue
anterior - endocrine tissue
pars intermedia
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - pituitary gland
what does …. secrete?
1) anterior
2) pars intermedia
3) posterior
1) pituitary hormones
2) MSH
3) ADH, oxytocin
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
regulatory factors journey from hypothalamus to pituitary (4)
1) neurosecretory neurones @ median eminence
2) fenestrated capillary in beds in hypothalamus
3) portal veins
4) capillary bed in anterior pituitary
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
