knee Flashcards
THE KNEE
3 bones that articulate the knee
patella
femur
tibia
THE KNEE
2 joints at the knee
what type are they
tibiofemoral joint (hinge)
patellofemoral joint (gliding)
THE KNEE
what are the 2 ligaments either side of knee
lateral collateral ligament
medial collateral ligament
THE KNEE
what ligament stops tibia moving forward
anterior cruciate ligament
THE KNEE
what ligament stops tibia moving backward
posterior cruciate ligament
THE KNEE
roles of MENISCI
stability
lubrication
shock absorption
THE KNEE
what type of bone is the patella
sesamoid bone (embedded in quad tendon)
THE KNEE
role of patella
protect anterior knee structures from trauma
lever, increase quad lever arm
increase torque
THE KNEE
what are the 3 main bones of the hip
illium
pubis
ischium
THE KNEE
what is AIIS and ASIS
(ridge of illium to acetabulum)
AIIS = anterior inferior iliac spine
ASIS = anterior superior iliac spine
THE KNEE
4 features of the femur
name of bony bridge
head of femur with acetabulum
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
linea aspera
THE KNEE
name the 4 parts of the quadricep
rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
THE KNEE
rectus femoris
o = AIIS
I = tibial tuberosity
THE KNEE
vastus medialis
o = medial side lines aspera
I = tibial tuberosity
THE KNEE
vastus intermedius
o = anterolateral femur
I = tibial tuberosity
THE KNEE
vastus lateralis
o = greater trochanter and lateral lines aspera
I = tibial tuberosity
THE KNEE
3 parts of hamstring
bicep femoris
semi tendinitis
semi membranous
THE KNEE
bicep femoris
o = long head, ischial tuberosity
o = short head, linea
aspera
I = head of fibula
THE KNEE
semi tendinosis
o = ischial tuberosity
I = anteromedial tibia
THE KNEE
semi membranous
o = ischial tuberosity
I = medial condyle of tibia
THE KNEE
4 other knee flexors
GASTROCNEMIUS - down to calcaneus
POPLITEUS - knee rotation
SATORIUS - front of femur to quad behind knee capsule
GRACILIS - hip adductor
THE KNEE
summarise biarticular muscles
muscle shortens
pulls origin closer to insertion
equal force at O + I
torque at both joints
THE KNEE
what is the Q angle
what is this angle between
angle of line of pull on quadriceps
between:
- line from ASIS to patella midpoint
- line from patella midpoint to tibial tuberosity
THE KNEE
name for:
- knock kneed
- bow legged
1) VALGUS , genu valgum
2) VARUS , genu varum
THE KNEE
what is the name for ‘runners knee’
risk factors
chondromalacia patella
mistrack of patella
- high q angle
- pronation
- high patella
- weak vastus medialis
THE KNEE
