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KINESIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

4 types of fractures

A
  1. closed (doesn’t penetrate skin)
  2. open/compound (penetrate skin)
  3. green stick (incomplete, on one side)
  4. comminuted (shattered)
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2
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

what is osteoporosis?

A

bone mass decline

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3
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

1) what is osteoarthritis?

2) caused by:

3) what can form that restricts movement

A

1) degenerative disease

2) age , wear + tear
traumatic sport injury
deterioration of cartilage

3) bone spurs

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4
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

what is rheumatoid arthritis ?

A

autoimmune disorder
cartilage attacked
inflammation
joint fuses

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5
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

skeletal muscles functions (4)

A

MOVEMENT
POSTURE
thermoregulation
store + move substances

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6
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

define:
ORIGIN
INSERTION

A

ORIGIN : tendon attachment NEAREST centre of body

INSERTION : tendon attachment FURTHEST centre of body

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7
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS - rotational movement

what is it created by?
what’s the equation for it?

A

torque

TORQUE = Force x perpendicular distance from pivot

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8
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS
what does a longer lever arm do in rotational movement?

A

increase torque
decrease rom
decrease joint angular veloc (speed)

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9
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

CONCENTRIC
ECCENTRIC
ISOMETRIC

A

CONCENTRIC: muscle shortening in tension

ECCENTRIC: muscle lengthening in tension

ISOMETRIC: muscle constant length in tension

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10
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

1) AGONIST
2) ANTAGONIST
3) STABILISER
4) SYNERGIST

A

1) muscle control/perform movement
2) appose agonist
3) contract, stabilise joint
4) assist agonist

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11
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

how many bones in foot?

A

26

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12
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

what are the functions of the foot?

A

load bearing

locomotion

shock absorber

lever

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13
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

longitudinal axis position
(5 names)

A

calcaneus
talus
navicular
cuneiforms/cuboid
metatarsals

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14
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

transverse arch position

A

1st to 5th metatarsal

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15
Q

ANKLE + FOOT
what is the name of:

low arch

high arch

A

PES PLANUS

PES CAVUS

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16
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

what is the name of the ligamentous structure
attached to?

A

PLANTAR FASCIA

calcaneus
metatarsal
phalanges
skin

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17
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

what is the ankle joint aka?

A

TALOCRURAL JOINT

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18
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

what type of joint is the ankle joint?
what 2 movements does it allow?

A

hinge
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion

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19
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

what are the 2 joints that allow inversion + eversion in ankle?

what type of joints are they?

A

subtalar joint

transverse tarsal joint

gliding

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20
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

name 3 joints in the foot

A

tarsometatarsal

metatarsophalangeal

interphalangeal

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21
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

what are the 4 compartments of muscles

A

superficial posterior

deep posterior

anterior

lateral

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22
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

what muscles are the:
superficial posterior

what are these muscles role

A

GASTROCNEMIUS

SOLEUS

primary plantar flexors

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23
Q

ANKLE + FOOT
what is the origin and insertion of the:
GASTROCNEMIUS

A

O: posterior of femoral condyles

I: calcaneus

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24
Q

ANKLE + FOOT
what is the origin and insertion of the:
SOLEUS

A

O: posterior of proximal fibula + tibia

I: Calcaneus

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25
Q

ANKLE + FOOT
what muscles are the:
DEEP POSTERIOR

A

Tibialis posterior
o: interosseous membrane
I: navicular cuneiforms , plantar surface

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26
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

achilles tendon rupture

A

symptom:
sharp heal pain, snap, pain walking

causes:
sudden dorsiflexion in tension, sudden activation

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27
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

shin splints

A

small tear/inflammation of muscle attaching to tibia

stress fracture

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28
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

ankle sprain injury

A

90% caused by inversion

change or reoccurrence = 50%

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29
Q

ANKLE + FOOT
what movements does deep posterior do?

name of 2 muscles that assist

A

plantar flexion
inversion

flexor digitorum longus FDL

flexor hallucis longus FHL

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30
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

anterior compartment
(3)

what do they act as

A

tibialis anterior

extensor hallucis longus

extensor digitorum longus

  • primary dorsiflexors
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31
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

lateral compartment
(4)

what movement

A

peroneus longus (plantar)

peroneus brevis (plantar)

peroneus Tertius (dorsi)

primary evertors

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32
Q

THE KNEE

3 bones that articulate the knee

A

patella
femur
tibia

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33
Q

THE KNEE

2 joints at the knee
what type are they

A

tibiofemoral joint (hinge)

patellofemoral joint (gliding)

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34
Q

THE KNEE

what are the 2 ligaments either side of knee

A

lateral collateral ligament

medial collateral ligament

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35
Q

THE KNEE

what ligament stops tibia moving forward

A

anterior cruciate ligament

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36
Q

THE KNEE

what ligament stops tibia moving backward

A

posterior cruciate ligament

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37
Q

THE KNEE

roles of MENISCI

A

stability
lubrication
shock absorption

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38
Q

THE KNEE

what type of bone is the patella

A

sesamoid bone (embedded in quad tendon)

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39
Q

THE KNEE

role of patella

A

protect anterior knee structures from trauma

lever, increase quad lever arm

increase torque

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40
Q

THE KNEE

what are the 3 main bones of the hip

A

illium
pubis
ischium

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41
Q

THE KNEE

what is AIIS and ASIS

A

(ridge of illium to acetabulum)

AIIS = anterior inferior iliac spine

ASIS = anterior superior iliac spine

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42
Q

THE KNEE

4 features of the femur

name of bony bridge

A

head of femur with acetabulum

greater trochanter
lesser trochanter

linea aspera

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43
Q

THE KNEE

name the 4 parts of the quadricep

A

rectus femoris

vastus medialis

vastus intermedius

vastus lateralis

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44
Q

THE KNEE

rectus femoris

A

o = AIIS

I = tibial tuberosity

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45
Q

THE KNEE

vastus medialis

A

o = medial side lines aspera

I = tibial tuberosity

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46
Q

THE KNEE

vastus intermedius

A

o = anterolateral femur

I = tibial tuberosity

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47
Q

THE KNEE

vastus lateralis

A

o = greater trochanter and lateral lines aspera

I = tibial tuberosity

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48
Q

THE KNEE

3 parts of hamstring

A

bicep femoris

semi tendinitis

semi membranous

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49
Q

THE KNEE

bicep femoris

A

o = long head, ischial tuberosity

o = short head, lines aspera

I = head of fibula

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50
Q

THE KNEE

semi tendinosis

A

o = ischial tuberosity

I = anteromedial tibia

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51
Q

THE KNEE

semi membranous

A

o = ischial tuberosity

I = medial condyle of tibia

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52
Q

THE KNEE

4 other knee flexors

A

GASTROCNEMIUS - down to calcaneus

POPLITEUS - knee rotation

SATORIUS - front of femur to quad behind knee capsule

GRACILIS - hip adductor

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53
Q

THE KNEE

summarise biarticular muscles

A

muscle shortens
pulls origin closer to insertion

equal force at O + I
torque at both joints

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54
Q

THE KNEE

what is the Q angle

what is this angle between

A

angle of line of pull on quadriceps

between:
- line from ASIS to patella midpoint
- line from patella midpoint to tibial tuberosity

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55
Q

THE KNEE

name for:

  1. knock kneed
  2. bow legged
A

1) VALGUS , genu valgum

2) VARUS , genu varum

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56
Q

THE KNEE

what is the name for ‘runners knee’

risk factors

A

chondromalacia patella

mistrack of patella

  • high q angle
  • pronation
  • high patella
  • weak vastus medialis
57
Q

THE KNEE

58
Q

HIP + PELVIS

3 main joints + what type

A

1) ACETABULOFEMORAL : ball and socket

2) SACROILIAC : gliding , lock when weight bear

3) PUBIC SYMPHYSIS: slightly moveable

59
Q

HIP + PELVIS

3 bones that make pelvis

A

ilium

ischium

pubis

60
Q

HIP + PELVIS

what main quadricep causes hip flexion?

A

rectus femoris

61
Q

HIP + PELVIS

what is the most powerful hip flexor?

location?

A

iliacus psoas

O: T12 - L5

I: lesser trochanter

62
Q

HIP + PELVIS

name the 5 hip flexors

A

iliacus psoas

rectus femoris

sartorius

tensor fascia latae

pectineus

63
Q

HIP + PELVIS

rectus femoris O + I

A

O : AIIS

I : tibial tuberosity

anterior to femur

64
Q

HIP + PELVIS

sartorius O + I

A

O : ASIS

I : anteromedial tibia

medial of femur, anterior

65
Q

HIP + PELVIS

tensor fascia latae O + I

A

O : ASIS

I : iliotibial band – lateral tibial condyle

lateral of femur , anterior

66
Q

HIP + PELVIS

pectineus O + I

A

O : pubis

I : medial femur

67
Q

HIP + PELVIS

hip extensor

A

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

O: posterior part of coccyx, illiac crest, sacrum

I : ridge of greater trochanter

68
Q

HIP + PELVIS

what part of bicep femurs involved in hip extension?

69
Q

HIP + PELVIS

name the 5 hip adductors

A

adductor brevis

adductor longus

adductor Magnus

pectineus

gracilis

70
Q

HIP + PELVIS

adductor brevis O + I

A

O: pubis

I: linea aspera

71
Q

HIP + PELVIS

adductor longus O + I

A

O: pubis

I: linea aspera

72
Q

HIP + PELVIS

adductor magus O + I

A

O: pubis + ischial tuberosity

I: linea aspera + femur medial condyle

73
Q

HIP + PELVIS

pectineus O + I

A

O: anterior pubis

I: inferior – lesser trochanter

74
Q

HIP + PELVIS

gracilis O + I

A

O: pubis

I: anteromedial tibia

75
Q

HIP + PELVIS

2 hip adductors

A

GLUTEUS MEDIUS
O: lateral ilium below crest

I: greater trochanter

GLUTEUS MINIMUS
O: lateral ilium below GM

I: greater trochanter

76
Q

HIP + PELVIS

how many muscles allow external rotation of hip?

where are they located?

A

6

back of greater trochanter

+ gluteus maximus

77
Q

HIP + PELVIS

what muscles allow internal rotation of the hip?

A

no primary muscle , many contribute

78
Q

HIP + PELVIS

what is Lombard’s paradox?

A

anatomical differences created torque so net movement in one direction

so don’t get stuck

79
Q

HIP + PELVIS

femoralacetabular impingement

caused by:
what does it cause:
who’s ar higher risk:

A

caused by:
- abnormal growth of femur/acetablum

damage cartilage of joint

hip osteoarthiritis

higher risk in young

80
Q

HIP + PELVIS

iliotibial band syndrome

A

if tight:

inflammation on lateral side of knee

friction between iliotibial band + lateral condyle of femur

81
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

regions of the spine and how many vertebrae in each

A

Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacrum. 1
Coccyx 1

82
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

what type of joint is the intervertebral joint in the spine

A

symphysis - one bone meets another

83
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

name the 4 key joints in spine

A

ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL

ATLANTOAXIAL

INTEVERTEBRAL

LUMBOSACRAL

84
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

where is the Atlanta-occipital joint

A

between atlas + occipital condyles of skull

85
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

where is the atlantoaxial joint

A

between 1st cervical (atlas)
and
2nd cervical (axis)

86
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

where is the intervertebral joints

A

joints in vertebrae
fibrocartilage pads

87
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

where is the lumbosacral joint

A

between lumbar + sacrum

88
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

facet joint

A

gliding joint
rib + thoracic vertebrae, allows rib to move up and down

89
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

VERTEBRAE
1) where is the pressure disbursed?
2) what is the vertebrae foramen?
3) name the 2 processes that come off?

A

1) vertebrae body
2) space for spinal chord
3) spinous
transverse

90
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

where is the intervertebral foramen?

A

back of vertebrae
articulating processes come down and overlap

91
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

describe ideal posture from side on view (saggital)

A

ear
shoulder
(hip) greater trochanter (top of femur)
knee ankle

92
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

describe ideal posture from frontal view

A

neutral head
level shoulders
level pelvis
neutral knee position
feet not pronated/supinated

93
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

posture:
arch in back, head forward
thoracic flexion

A

kyphosis

short tight neck extensors

weak long neck flexors

94
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

posture:
anterior tilt of pelvis
‘bend belly forward’

why does this happen?

A

lordosis

weak abs so can’t hold
tight quadriceps , rectus femoris pull on pelvis

95
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

posture: S shaped curvature

A

scoliosis

uneven shoulders

96
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

3 movements in lumbar spine

A

lumbar flexion = sit up

lumbar extension = lay on front, contract lift chest up

lumbar rotation = sit and rotate upper body

lateral flexion = (no lateral extension) left or right

97
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

what pelvis action does:
LUMBAR FLEXION
cause

A

anterior pelvic rotation

98
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN
what pelvis action does:
LUMBAR EXTENSION
cause

A

posterior pelvic rotation

99
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

what spine action does:
ANTERIOR PELVIC ROTATION
cause

A

lumbar extension

100
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

what spine action does:
POSTERIOR PELVIC ROTATION
cause

A

lumbar flexion

101
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

what are the main agonists?

A

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

102
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

rectus abdominis O + I

A

O: pubis crest

I: 5,6,7 rib cartilage , xiphoid process

103
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

what movements do RECTUS ABDOMINIS cause

1)both sides
2) left side
3) right side

A

1) lumbar flexion

2) lateral flexion to left

3) lateral flexion to right

104
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

what is the fibrous line between 2 sides of rectus abdomens

A

linea alba

105
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

what gives the 6 pack look?
what does it do?

A

tendinous inscription

more control over lumbar flexion

106
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

what movement do EXTERNAL OBLIQUES create

A

lumbar rotation to opposite side

lateral flexion to same side

107
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

what movement do INTERNAL OBLIQUES create

A

lumbar rotation to same side

lateral flexion to same side

108
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

external obliques
O + I

A

O = border of 8th rib

I = anterior part of ilium crest

109
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

internal obliques
O + I

A

O = inguinal ligament, 2/3 iliac crest

I = costal cartilage, 8 9 10 ribs

110
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

transverse abdominus
role

A

maintain stable, balanced abdomen
CORE STABILITY

111
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

role of erector spinae

A

neck and head extension
upright position

112
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

what back muscle originates: posterior inner lip iliac crest

inserts: 12th rib L1-4

A

quadrates lumborum

113
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

what movement does quadrates lumborum cause

A

contracting = lateral flexion

extension of lumbar spine region

deep posture, stability

114
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

define core stability

A

ability of muscles in abdomen to maintain stable balanced pelvis + abdomen

115
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

what does IAP stand for

A

intra abdominal pressure

116
Q

SPINE + ABDOMEN

risk factors of lower back pain (3)

A

poor posture
muscle imbalance
poor core stability

117
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

what 3 bones are in shoulder girdle

A

scapula
clavicle
manubrium (top of sternum/clavicle)

118
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

2 joint names

A

acromioclavicular joint

sternoclavicular joint

119
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

Acromioclavicular joint

what type?
what bones?
what movement?

A

gliding

acromion process of scapula + outer end of clavicle

greater movement

120
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

sternoclavicular joint

what type?
what bones?
what movement?

A

saddle

sternum , clavicle

ab/adduction, depression, elevation

121
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

what is special about the sternoclavicular joint?

A

only bony connection between upper appendicular skeleton + axial skeleton

122
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

look at scapula anatomy and label:

A

superior angle
spine of scapula
coracoid process
acromion process
glenoid fossa
inferior angle

123
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

5 movements possible by shoulder girdle

A

elevation
abduction
depression
adduction
upward rotation

124
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

what’s the ligament called that supports the weight of the head

A

nuchal ligament

125
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

posterior muscles of shoulder girdle (3)

A

trapezius
rhomboids
levator scapulae

126
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

anterior muscles of shoulder girdle (2)

A

pectorals minor
serratus anterior

127
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

what movement do the:
rhomboid + levator scapulae cause

A

elevation
adduction
downward rotation

128
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

where are the rhomboids + elevator scapulae inserted

A

R: c5 - t7

LS: c1 - c4

129
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

trapezius movements at:
1) upper fibres
2) middle fibres
3) lower fibres

A

1) adduction, elevation

2) adduction

3) adduction, depression, upward rotation

130
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

serrates anterior

movement
O
I

A

abduction, upward rotation

o: upper 9th rib
I : medial border of scapula

131
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

pectoralis major

movement
o
I

A

abduction
depression
downward rotation

o: rib 3 4 5
I : coracoid process

132
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

what muscles cause:
elevation

A

Levator scapulae , rhomboid, upper trap

133
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

what muscles cause:
depression

A

lower trap, pec minor

134
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

what muscles cause:
adduction

A

all traps, rhomboids, Levator scapulae

135
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

what muscles cause:
abduction

A

serrates anterior, pectoralis minor

136
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

what muscles cause:
upward rotation

A

traps , serratus anterior

137
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

what muscles cause:
downward rotation

A

pec minor, rhomboid, LS

138
Q

SHOULDER GIRDLE

most common injury here

A

fractured clavicle

SEM 2 (20 decks)

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