Respiratory - Non-Clinical Pharmacology

Question 1

Where are cell bodies of pre-ganglionic fibres located?

Answer 1

In the brainstem

Question 2

Where are cell bodies of post-ganglionic fibres located in the respiratory system?

Answer 2

Embedded in the walls of bronchi and bronchioles

Question 3

What happens if postgangliogic cholinergic fibres are stimulated?

Answer 3

Bronchial smooth muscle contraction and increased mucous secretion

Question 4

What mediated bronchial smooth muscle contraction?

Answer 4

M3 muscarinic ACh receptors on airway smooth muscle cells

Question 5

What happens if postganglionic non-cholinergic fibres are stimulated?

Answer 5

Bronchial smooth muscle releaxtaion

Question 6

What mediated increased mucous secretion by ASM?

Answer 6

M2 muscarinic ACh receptors on gland (goblet) cells

Question 7

Bronchial smooth muscles don’t have a sympathetic nerve supply. Postganglionic fibres supply?

Answer 7

Submucosal glands and smooth muscle in blood vessels

Question 8

Sympathetic stimulation of submucosal glands and smooth muscle in blood vessels causes?

Answer 8

Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
Decreased mucous secretion
Increased mucociliary clearance
Vascular smooth muscle contraction

Question 9

Which receptors on ASM cells mediate bronchial smooth muscle relaxation?

Answer 9

Beta-2-adrenceptors

Question 10

What activates beta-2-adrenoceptors

Answer 10

Adrenaline

Question 11

What mediates decreased mucous secretion?

Answer 11

Beta-2-adrenoceptors on gland (goblet) cells

Question 12

What mediates increased mucociliary clearance?

Answer 12

Beta-2-adrenoceptors on epithelial cells (mucociliary escalator)

Question 13

What mediates vascular smooth muscle contraction

Answer 13

Alpha-1-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle cells

Question 14

Preganglionic neurone sends signals via ____ to the ________ which releases nAChR that acts on __________ to stimulate adrenaline secretion

Answer 14

ACh
Adrenal medulla
Chrofmatin cells (within adrenal medulla)

Question 15

Outline the mechanism of ASM cell contraction

Answer 15

Depolarisation activates calcium channel
Calcium influx activates release of intracellular stores of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium binds to calmodulin to form Ca-Calmodulin complex
Converts MLCK from inactive to active
Active MLCK phosphorylates inactive myosin cross bridge which then binds actin

Question 16

Contraction is initiated by myosin light chain …?

Answer 16

Phosphorylation

Question 17

Relaxation is initiated by myosin light chain …?

Answer 17

Dephosphorylation

Question 18

If intracellular calcium is elevated phophyrlation rate is > dephophorylation so the muscle…

Answer 18

contracts

Question 19

Relaxation of ASM requires _____ calcium levels

Answer 19

Basal

Question 20

Beta-2-adrenoceptors are an example of?

Answer 20

G-protein coupled receptors

Question 21

Beta-2-adrencoceptor activation causes to formation of cAMP using ATP which leads activation of ______ which will induce phosphorylation reactions

Answer 21

protein kinase A