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Year 1 Systems (JBR) > GI Anatomy - Upper GI system > Flashcards

GI Anatomy - Upper GI system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral ptergoid

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2
Q

What are the attachments of the temporalis?

A

Coronoid process of mandible to temporal fossa

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3
Q

What are the attachments of the master?

A

Angle of the mandible to the zygomatic arch

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4
Q

What are the attachments of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Condyle of the mandible to ptyergotd plates of sphenoid bone

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5
Q

What are the attachments of the medial pterygoid?

A

Angle of the mandible (medial side) to pterygoid plates os of the sphenoid bone

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6
Q

Which is the only muscle of mastication responsible for opening the jaw (and not closing)

A

Lateral pterygoid

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7
Q

What is the CNS part of the course of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve? (CN V3)

A

Attach to pons

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8
Q

What is the intracranial part of the course of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve? (CN V3)

A

Inferior to the edge of the tentorium cerebella between the posterior ran middle cranial fossae

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9
Q

What is the base of skull foramen part of the course of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve? (CN V3)

A

Through the foramen ovale in the sphenoid bone

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10
Q

What innervates the anterior (2/3) part of the tongue?

A

CN VII and CN V3

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11
Q

Which papillae are found on the anterior part of the tongue?

A

Foliate (taste buds)
Vallate (taste buds)
Fungiform (taste buds)
Filiform (temp/touch/etc.)

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12
Q

What innervates (brings taste and general sensation) the posterior part of the tongue?

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)

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13
Q

What separates the anterior and posterior part of the tongue?

A

Terminal sulcus

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14
Q

What is the CNS part of the course of the facial nerve? (CN VII)

A

Junction between pons and medulla

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15
Q

What is the intracranial part of the course of the facial nerve (CN VII)?

A

Directly into internal acoustic meatus in the posterior cranial fossa

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16
Q

What is the base of skull foramen part of the course of the facial nerve (CN VII)?

A

In through internal acoustic meatus

Out through stylomastoid foramen

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17
Q

What is the extracranial part of the course of the facial nerve? (CN VII)

A

Most fibres pass through stylomastoid foramen

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18
Q

The chords tympani (branch of CN VII) connects to the lingual nerve branch of?

A

CN V3

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19
Q

CN VII parasympathetic axons supply (secretomotor) the?

A

Submandibular salivary gland and sublingual salivary gland

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20
Q

What provides general sensation to the superior half of the oral cavity (gingival oral vanity and palate)?

A

CN V2 (Maxillary division of trigeminal)

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21
Q

What provides general sensation so the inferior half of the oral cavity (gingiva of oral cavity and floor of the mouth)?

A

CN V3 (Mandibular division of the trigeminal)

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22
Q

The gag reflex is a protective reflex to prevent?

A

Foreign bodies entering the pharynx/larynx

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23
Q

The sensory part of the gag reflex is carried by nerve fibres within CN?

A

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

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24
Q

The motor part of the gag reflex is carried by nerve fibres within CN?

A

CN IX and CN X

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25
Q

Part of the reflex response to toughing the posterior wall of the oropharynx is to constrict the ______ as the patient attempts to close it off as an entry point to the body

A

Pharnyx

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26
Q

To numb the oral cavity for endoscopy, spraying local anaesthetic will “block” sensory action potentials in which cranial nerves?

A

CN V2
CN V3
CN VII
CN IX

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27
Q

Where does the CN V2 exit the base of the skull?

A

Foramen rotundamente (Sphenoid bone)

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28
Q

What type of nerve supply does CN IX give?

A 
Special sensory
Sensory
Motor 
Visceral afferent
Parasympathetic
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29
Q

What is the CNS part of the course of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?

A

Medulla

30
Q

What is the intracranial part of the course of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?

A

Directly towards jugular foramen in the posterior cranial fossa

31
Q

What is the base of the skull foramen part of the course of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?

A

Junction between temporal bone and occipital bone - jugular foramen

32
Q

What is the extracranial part of the course of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?

A

Axons mainly pass to or from the tongue and palate
Posterior wall of oropharynx
Parasympathetic secretomotor to parotid salivary glands

33
Q

The parotid gland crosses face secretes into mouth by which tooth?

A

Upper 2nd molar

34
Q

The submandibular duct enters floor of mouth and secretes via?

A

Lingual caruncle

35
Q

The sublingual gland lays in floor of mouth and secretes via?

A

Several ducts superiorly

36
Q

What are the three pairs of salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

37
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Change the position of the tongue during mastication, swallowing and speech

38
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic muscle of the tongue?

A

Modify the shape of the tongue during function

39
Q

What are the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Palatoglossus (attach to palate)
Styloglossus (from styloid process)
Genioglossus (from mandible)
Hypoglossus (from hyoid bone)

40
Q

All the tongue muscles except the palatoglossus are innervated by?

A

CN XII (Hypoglossal)

41
Q

Palatoglossus is innervated by?

A

The vagus nerve

42
Q

What is the CNS part of the course of the hypoglossa nerve (CN XII)?

A

Via many rootlets that attach to the medulla oblongata

43
Q

What is the base of the skull foramen part of the course of the hypoglossa nerve (CN XII)?

A

Hypoglossal canal (anterior wall of foramen magnum)

44
Q

What is the extracranial part of the course of the hypoglossa nerve (CN XII)?

A

Descend in neck lateral to carotid sheath
At level of hyoid bone it passes anteriorly towards the lateral aspect of the tongue
Supplies most of the muscles of the tongue

45
Q

The superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx all?

A

Overlap

46
Q

The extrinsic muscles of the pharynx are ______ but…?

A

Voluntary

Can’t control the sequence

47
Q

The extrinsic muscles of the pharynx are innervated by?

A

CN X

48
Q

All the extrinsic pharynx muscles insert onto the?

A

Midline raphe

49
Q

The inner layer of muscle of the pharynx is _______ muscle?

A

longitudinal

50
Q

What supplies the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

Mainly CN X and IC

51
Q

What does innervation by CN X and IX do to the pharynx?

A 
Elevate pharynx and larynx 
---
Attach to larynx 
Contract to shorten pharynx
Rais est larynx to close over the laryngeal inlet
52
Q

Which muscle prevents drooling and what is it innervated by?

A

Orbicularis Oris

CN VII

53
Q

The tongue pushes the bolus of food posteriorly towards the oropharynx - this is action is innervated by?

A

Cranial nerve XII

54
Q

Cranial nerve X allows sequential contraciton of the _________________ to push the bolus inferiorly towards the oesophagus

A

pharyngeal constrictor muscles

55
Q

At the same time as pharyngeal constrictor muscle contraction the ____________ of pharyngeal muscle contracts to raise the larnyx, shortening the pharynx and closing off the laryngeal inlet to help prevent?

A

Longitudinal layers

Aspiration

56
Q

What innervates the inner longitudinal layer of pharyngeal muscles

A

CN IX and X

57
Q

The initiation of swallowing is voluntary/involuntary?

A

Voluntary

58
Q

What is the enteric nervous system?

A

Extensive system of nerves found only in walls of the GI tract ; acts completely independently but can be influenced by signals from the ANS

59
Q

Sympathetic influence of the ENS leads to?

A

slowed down peristalsis

60
Q

Parasympathetic influence to the ENS leads to?

A

Sped up peristalsis

61
Q

The oesophagus is the inferior continuation of the?

A

Laryngopharynx

62
Q

Where dies the oesophagus begin?

A

Inferior edge of the cricopharynxgeus muscle (vertebral level C6)

63
Q

How many sphincters are there in the oesophagus?

A

2

64
Q

The upper oesophageal sphincter is?

Anatomical or physiological

A

Anatomical

65
Q

The lower oesophageal sphincter is?

Anatomical or physiological

A

Physiological

66
Q

What runs on the surface of the oesophagus to supply the smooth muscles within the walls?

A

The oesophageal plexus

67
Q

The parasympathetic/Vagal trunks of the oesophageal plexus follow embryological origin; therefore rotates around the oesophagus how?

A

LARP

Left anterior right posterior

68
Q

The para and sympathetic fibres of the oesophageal plexus act to alter the rte of?

A

Peristalsis

69
Q

When does the oesophageal plexus terminate?

A

Cardia of the stomach

70
Q

What causes the sphincter effect of the lower oesophageal sphincter?

A

Contraction of the diaphragm and intrabdominal pressure being slightly higher than intragastric pressure + the oblique angle at which the oesophagus enters the stomach

71
Q

A hiatus hernia can lead to ___-like symptoms because of the decreased effectiveness of the LOS

A

Reflux

72
Q

Where does the stomach mainly lie?

A

Left hypochondriac, epigastric and umbilical region (when the patient is supine)

Year 1 Systems (JBR) (21 decks)

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