Cardio Anatomy - Clinically Relevant Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What covers the surface of the heart?

A

Epicardium

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2
Q

What is epicardium synonymous to?

A

Visceral serous pericardium

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3
Q

Which pericardium is connected to the wall and fibrous pericardium?

A

Pariteal serous pericardium

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4
Q

If the pericardial cavity fill with blood the pressure around the heart can prevent contraction. What is the name of this condition?

A

Cardiac tamponade

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5
Q

What is a pericardiocentesis?

A

Draining fluid form the pericardial cavity using a needle via the infrasternal angle

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6
Q

What is the transverse pericardial sinus?

A

Posterosuperior space within the pericardial cavity

Lies posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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7
Q

What are the 3 heart surfaces?

A

Anterior (sternocostal)
Base (posterior)
Inferior (Diaphragmatic)

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8
Q

What are the 3 borders of the heart?

A

Right
Left (lateral)
Superior border (ascending aorta, SVC and pulmonary trunk)

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9
Q

What is cardiomegaly?

A

Cardiac englarment

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10
Q

Where is the normal position of the apex beat?

A

Normally 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line (mitral area)

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11
Q

Of the phrenic and vagus nerve which passes lateral anterior and which medial posterior to the heart?

A
Phrenic = lateral anterior 
Vagus = medial posterior
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12
Q

The posterior inter ventricular groove indicates the boundary between ______ on which surface of the heart?

A

Ventricles

diaphragmatic

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13
Q

Coronary arteries arise from?

A

The ascending aorta

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14
Q

The coronary arteries are often _____ to epicardium usually embedded in?

A

deep

adipose tissue

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15
Q

What marks the location of the right coronary artery?

A

right atrioventricular groove

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16
Q

What marks the location of the left coronary artery

A

left atrioventricular groove

17
Q

What is the right auricle?

A

Embryological origin of the right atrium

18
Q

What is the consequence of a septal defect?

A

Mixing of atrial and venous blood

19
Q

What is hypoaxemia?

A

Reduced oxygen content in the aorta

20
Q

What are the three openings in the right atrium?

A

Opening of SVC
Opening of IVC
Opening of coronary sinus

21
Q

What is the oval fossa (in the right atrium)?

A

Remnant small depression that indicates former foramen oval during foetal development

22
Q

What guarantees unidirectional flow through the heart?

A

Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic heart valves

23
Q

Which of the heart valves have 3 cusps?

A

Tricuspid
Aortic
Pulmonary

24
Q

Which of the heart valves have 2 cusps?

A

Mitral

25
Q

Which of the heart valves have a leaflet design?

A

Tricuspid

Mitral

26
Q

Which of the heart valves have a semilunar design?

A

Aortic

Pulmonary

27
Q

What is the function of the moderator band/septomarginal trabecular?

A

Carries fibres of right bundle branch to the papillary muscle of the anterior cusp