Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1 Systems (JBR) > Resp Drugs > Flashcards

Resp Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of a beta-2-adrenoceptor agonist?

A

beta 2 receptors are coupled with Gs proteins

Agonist binding stimulates adenylyl cyclase which converts ATP into cAMP

Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP

Decrease intracellular Ca levels and increase formation of protein kinase A

Protein kinase A phosphorylates myosin light chain kinase which brings about relaxation of bronchi smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an example of a SABA?

A

Salbutamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Example of a LABA?

A

Salmeterol

Formoterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are side effects of beta-2-agonists?

A

Fine tremor
Hypotension
Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are CysLTs derived from?

A

Mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain the mechanism behind leukotriene release form mast cells.

A

Mast cells produce arachidonic acid by stimulation of phospholipase A2
Stimulation of 5-lopooxygenase by FLAP enzyme
Release of leukotirienes which bind to CysLT1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CysLT1 Antagonists prevent?

A

Muscle contraction, mucous secretion and oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are examples of CysLT1 receptor antagonists?

A

Montelukast

Zafirlukast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are side effects of CysLT1 Receptor Antagonists?

A

Abdominal Pain

Headaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are examples of xanthines?

A

Theophylline

Aminophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mechanism of xanthines?

A

Inhibit phosphodiesterase which increases cAMP levels (breakdown of cAMP in inhibited)

Decreases protein kinase A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are side effects of xanthines?

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal discomfort
Headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the mechanism of a corticosteroid?

A

Signalling via nuclear receptors GR-alpha where glucocorticoid binds and enters the nucleus
Binds to promotor region and either produces transactivation or trans repression of genes the control inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which genes are induced by corticosteroids?

A

Annexin 1 - inhibits synthesis of phospholipase A1

Decrease formation of arachidonic acid and decreases production of leukotrienes, chemotaxis and spasmogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which genes are repressed by corticosteroids?

A

Cytokines
Decrease formation of IL 4, 5, 7, and 13
Eosinophils and plasma cells (IgE) are not recruited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are side effects of corticosteroids?

A 
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush)
Dysphonia (hoarse and weak voice)
Growth restrictions
Glaucoma
Diabetes
Cushing's syndrome
17
Q

What is an example of a cromone?

A

Cromoglicate

18
Q

What is an example of an oral corticosteroid?

A

Prednisolone

19
Q

What is an example of an inhaled corticosteroid?

A

Beclometasone

20
Q

What is the mechanism of cromoglicate?

A

Decreases sensitivity of exposed C-fibres in endothelium

21
Q

What are side effects of corticosteroidsß

A

Local irritation

22
Q

What is Omalizumab?

A

Monoclonal antibody against IgE

23
Q

What are side effects of Omalizumab?

A

Abdominal pain

Pyrexia

24
Q

Ipratropium is an example of a?

A

Short acting muscarinic ACh Antagonist of M3 receptors

25
Q

What mechanism does a muscarinic ACh antagonist of M3 receptors prevent?

A 
Activated M3 acts on Gq coupled protien
Increase formation of phospholipase C
Pip2 degrades phospholipase C into IP3
Calcium is released
Smooth muscle of bronchi contracts
26
Q

What are side effects of muscarinic antagonists?

A 
Dry mouth 
Dizziness
Oropharyngeal
Candidiasis
Taste disturbance
27
Q

What is an example of an anti-histamine?

A

Loratadine

28
Q

What is the mechanism of an anti-histamine?

A

Reduce effects of mast cell activation

29
Q

What are the side effects of anti-histamines?

A

Drowsiness
Palpitations
Hypotension

30
Q

What s an example of a vasoconstrictor?

A

Oxymetazoline

31
Q

What is the mechanism of Oxymetazoline?

A

mimics effects of noradrenaline (alpha-1-agonist)

32
Q

What are the side effects of oxymetazoline?

A

Rhinitis medicamentosa (nasal congestion caused by desensitisation of receptors once drugs are discontinued)

Year 1 Systems (JBR) (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions