Respiratory Biochemistry

Question 1

In relation to biochemical tests; what is precision?

Answer 1

How predictable the test is (i.e. how close the results are to one another

Question 2

In relation to biochemical tests; what is accuracy?

Answer 2

How close the test is to the true

Question 3

In relation to biochemical tests; what is sensitivity?

Answer 3

% that had a positive result and have the disease

Question 4

In relation to biochemical tests; what is specificity?

Answer 4

% that had a negative result and didn’t have the disease

Question 5

What is the positive predicted value?

Answer 5

Likelihood of disease of someone with a positive result

Question 6

What is the negative predicted value?

Answer 6

Likelihood of health of someone with a negative result

Question 7

What is prevalence?

Answer 7

% of people that have the disease

Question 8

What happens to the positive and negative predicted value if prevalence decreases?

Answer 8

PPV Decreases

NPV Increases

Question 9

With what kind of prevalence are tests most useful?

Answer 9

When prevalence is 50%

Question 10

What does pathonomic mean?

Answer 10

If a patient has the symptom if they have the disease

Question 11

The PaO2 of a patient on oxygen therapy should be roughly _______ lower than their therapy

Answer 11

10%

Question 12

What is defined as hypoxic?

Answer 12

<10 kPa

Question 13

What is defined as severely hypoxic?

Answer 13

<8 kPa

Question 14

How does the CO2 differ in type I and type II respiratory failure?

Answer 14

Type 1 has normal CO2

Type 2 has a high CO2

Question 15

The pH shows whether the patient is in acid-base balance, _____, or ______

Answer 15

acidosis

allkalosis

Question 16

How do respiratory causes present?

Answer 16

Abnormal PaCO2

Question 17

Respiratory acidosis has a ?

Answer 17

High CO2

Question 18

Respiratory alkalosis has a?

Answer 18

Low CO2

Question 19

Metabolic causes present with?

Answer 19

Abnormal HCO3-

Question 20

Metabolic acidosis has a?

Answer 20

Low HCO3

Question 21

Metabolic alkalosis has a?

Answer 21

High HCO3

Question 22

How do you compensate for respiratory acidosis?

Answer 22

Increase bicarbonate

Question 23

How do you compensate for metabolic acidosis?

Answer 23

Decrease CO2

Question 24

How do you compensate for metabolic akalosis?

Answer 24

Increase CO2

Question 25

How do you compensate for respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 25

Decrease HCO3

Question 26

Respiratory changes are compensated by?

Answer 26

Metabolic change

Question 27

Metabolic changes are compensated by?

Answer 27

Respiratory change

Question 28

What causes respiratory acidosis?

Answer 28

Inadequate alveolar ventilation leading to CO2 retention

Question 29

Which conditions cause respiratory acidosis?

Answer 29

``` Respiratory depression - Opiates Guillain Barre Asthma COPD Iatrogenic ```

Question 30

What causes respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 30

Excessive ventilation leading to too much CO2 being blown off, this reduces PaCO2 causing an alkalosis

Question 31

What are causes of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 31

``` Anxiety attack Pain hypoxia PE Pneumothorax Iatrogenic ```

Question 32

What causes metabolic acidosis?

Answer 32

Increased acid intake or production | Decreased acid secretion

Question 33

What is the anion gap?

Answer 33

The difference between positive and negative ions

Question 34

What increases the anion gap?

Answer 34

``` Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Lactic acidosis Aspirin overdose ```

Question 35

What decreases the anion gap?

Answer 35

Loss of HCO3 Renal tubular acidosis Addison's disease

Question 36

What causes metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 36

Decreases hydrogen ion concentration leading to increased pH

Question 37

What are causes of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 37

GI loss (vomiting) Renal loss Iatrogenic