Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1 Systems (JBR) > GI Anatomy - Jaundice > Flashcards

GI Anatomy - Jaundice Flashcards

1
Q

The liver, spell, gallbladder, pancreas and small intestine all produce?

A

Bilirubin and bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

Normal by-product of the breakdown of red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is jaundice (icterus)?

A

Yellowing of the sclera and skin caused by an increase in blood levels of bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does RBC breakdown mainly occur?

A

In the spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bilirubin is used to form ___ in the liver

A

Bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bile is important for?

A

the normal absorption of fats from the SI

Contributes to pancreatic enzymes in digesting food in the SI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Glycogen storage
Bile secretion
Other metabolic functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the liver?

A

Mainly located in the RUQ

Protected by ribs 7-11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to the position of the liver during inspiration?

A

Lowers down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The liver is inferior to?

A

The right hemiödiaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is the gallbladder anatomically related to the liver?

A

It is posterior and inferior to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The hepatic flexure is _____ to the liver

A

inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The right kidney, adrenal gland, IVC and abdominal aorta are _____ to the liver

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The stomach is ______ at the ______ side of the liver

A

posterior

mid-left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 4 anatomical lobes of the liver?

A

Right lobe
Left lobe
Caudate lobe (superior)
Quadrate lobe (inferior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the lung lobes contains a bare area?

A

Quadrate lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is meant by a “bare area”?

A

Not touched by any peritoneum = pure liver parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

A remnant of ventral mesentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

A remnant of the umbilical vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The porta hepatis is closely associated with the gallbladder at _______ aspect

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many functional divisions of the liver are there?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why can individual functional lobes be removed from the liver?

A

Because each lobe has a branch of the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and bile drainage (to bile duct) and venous drainage (to IVC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The haptic veins directing deoxygenated blood from the liver come tiger as _ veins before entering the IVC

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the portal triad contain?

A

Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery proper
Bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The portal triad runs within which ligament?

A

The hepato-duodenal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The coequal trunk is the ___ midline branch of the aorta

A

first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Is the coeliac trunk intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where does the coeliac trunk leave the abdominal aorta?

A

T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The coeliac trunk trifurcates into?

A

splenic artery
Left gastric artery
Common hepatic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The common hepatic artery branches into? then becomes?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

Hepatic artery proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The splenic artery has a _______ course along the _____ border of the pancreas

A

torturous

superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Is the spleen intra- or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Where is the spleen?

A

Left hypochondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the anatomical relations of the spleen?

A

Diaphragm posteriorly
Stomach anteriorly
Splenic flexure inferably
Left kidney medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Major blood supply to the stomach comes from?

A

the right and left gastric arteries and right and left gastro-mental arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Where do the right and left gastric arteries anastomose?

A

Along the junction of the lesser curvature and lesser momentum of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Where do the right and left gastro-mental arteries anastomose?

A

Along the junction of the greater omentum and greater curvature of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Blood supply to the liver comes from?

A

Right and left hepatic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The right and left hepatic arteries are branches of?

A

the hepatic artery proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Histologically, the liver consists of?

A

Hexagonal iver lobules with a central vein at the centre and an interlobular portal triad at each corner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What does the interlobular portal triad consist of?

A

Branch of the HPV, branch of HA and biliary duct

42
Q

Both the hepatoreanl recess (Morrison’s pouch) and the sub-phrenic recess are located within the?

A

Peritoneal cavity

43
Q

The hepatorenal recess is one of the lowest parts of the peritoneal cavity when the patient is?

A

Supine

44
Q

Pus in the sub-phrenic recess can drain into the _____ when the patient is bedridden

A

subphrenic

45
Q

The HPV drain blood from where into the liver for 1st pass metabolism

A

Fore, mid and hangout

46
Q

The HPV is formed by?

A

the splenic and superior mesenteric vein

47
Q

THE IVC is retroperitoneal and drained cleaned blood from the ________ into the right atrium

A

Hepatic veins

48
Q

Anatomically how are the portal triad structures arranged anterior to posterior?

A

Bile duct
HAP
HPV

49
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

Store and concentrate bile between meals

50
Q

The gallbladder lies on the ______ aspect of the liver (often firmly attached) and ____ to the duodenum

A

posterior

anterior

51
Q

Bile flows in and out of the gall bladder via?

A

The cystic duct

52
Q

Blood supply to the gall bladder comes from the?

A

Cystic artery

53
Q

In 75% of people the cystic artery is a branch of the?

A

right hepatic artery

54
Q

The right cystic artery is located in the?

A

Cystohepatic triangle (of Calot)

55
Q

What makes up the triangle of Calot (aka cystohepatic triangle)

A

Liver boarder
Common hepatic duct
Cystic duct

56
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder/cystic duct can follow irritation from or impaction of a?

A

gallstone

57
Q

The gall bladder is part of the ____-gut?

A

foregut

58
Q

Visceral afferents from the gall bladder enter the spinal cord at?

A

T6-T9

59
Q

Early pain from cholyangitis will develop in the ______

A

epigastrium

60
Q

Where can pain from cholyangitis arise besides the epigastrium?

A

Hypochondrium +/- pain referral to the right shoulder as a result of anterior diaphragmatic irritation

61
Q

What is a cholecystectomy?

A

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

62
Q

What are the parts of the pancreas?

A

Head
Neck
Body
Tail

63
Q

The head of the pancreas is surrounded by?

A

C-shaped curve of the duodenum

64
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum? For each of these parts state whether they are intra- or retroperitoneal.

A

Superior (intra) with duodenal cap
Descending (retro)
Horizontal (retro)
Ascending (retro)

65
Q

What is the end of the duodenum?

A

Duodenojejunal flexure

66
Q

The duodenum secretes _____ and ______ into the blood

A

gastrin

CCK

67
Q

Pain from duodenal ulcers to to present in which region?

A

Epigastric

68
Q

What is found posterior to the pancreas?

A 
Right kidney and adrenal gland 
IVC 
Bilde duct
Abdominal aorta
Superior mesenteric vessels (start at head of pancreas)
Left kidney and adrenal gland 
Part of portal venous system
69
Q

What is found anterior to the pancreas?

A

Stomach

70
Q

What is found superoposteriorly to the pancreas?

A

Splenic vessels

71
Q

What are the exocrine functions of the pancreas?

A

Acinar cells release digestive enzymes into the pancreatic duct

72
Q

What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas?

A

Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon into the blood stream

73
Q

The bile duct travels _____ to the superior part of the duodenum to a grove in the posterior aspect of the ____ where it joins with pancreatic duct to form the?

A

posterior
pancreas
Ampulla of Vader/Hepatopancreatic ampulla

74
Q

The ampulla of Vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla drains into the duodenum via?

A

the major duodenal papila

75
Q

It is possible to have accessory pathways of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum via?

A

Minor duodenal papillae

76
Q

Where are the 3 points of flow control of bile?

A

Bile duct sphincter
Pancreatic duct sphincter
Sphincter of Oddi

77
Q

What does ERCP stand for?

A

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

78
Q

What is ERC used for?

A

To study the pancreas and biliary tree

79
Q

Jaundice is caused by?

A

Increased levels of bilirubin in the blood

80
Q

What are extra-hepatic causes of jaundice?

A

Obstruction of the biliary tree (gallstones/carcinoma) leading to back-up of bile to the liver and overspill in theblood

81
Q

Blockage of the ampulla can causes bile to be diverted into the pancreas leading to?

A

Pancreatitis

82
Q

Where is pancreatitis pain felt?

A

Epigastric and umbilical region

+ Patietn’s back

83
Q

Acute pancreatitis can be caused by?

A

Gall stone obstruction leading to reflux of bile and pancreatic juice into the main pancreatic duct

84
Q

What is Grey-Turner’s and Cullen’s sign of acute pancreatitis? What is the cause?

A

Vascular haemorrhage can cause blood accumulation in the retroperitoneal space
Grey-Turner’s sign = right +/- left flank
Cullen’s sign = around umbilicaus via falciform ligament

85
Q

Where does the jejunum begin?

A

At the duodenaljejunal flexure

86
Q

Where does the ileum end?

A

At the ileocaecal junction

87
Q

Which, of the jejunum and ileum, is thicker and heavier?

A

Jejunum

88
Q

Which, of the jejunum and ileum, has more fat?

A

Ileum

89
Q

Which, of the jejunum and ileum, is more vascular?

A

Jejunum

90
Q

Which, of the jejunum and ileum, has sparse folds?

A

Ileum

91
Q

Which, of the jejunum and ileum, contains Peyer’s Patches?

A

Ileum

92
Q

What is the arterial supply to the jejunum/ileum?

A

SMA via ileal and jejunal arteries

93
Q

Where does the SMA leave the aorta?

A

L1

94
Q

What drains the jejunum/ileum?

A

Jejunal/ileal veins

95
Q

The jejunum/ileal veins drain into the?

A

SMV

96
Q

The SMV drains into the?

A

HPV

97
Q

The vascular supply to the jejunum and ileum travels within the?

A

mesentery

98
Q

The SMA and SMV are located ____ to the neck of the pancreas

A

posterior

99
Q

The SMA and SMV travel ________ to the uncinate process to enter the mesentery proper

A

anteroinferior

100
Q

Fat digestion is aided by _______. With chylomicrons they are absorbed into specialised lymphatic vessels in the SI called?

A

bile

lacteals

101
Q

Lacteals travel through lymphatics and enter the venous system at?

A

Left venous angle

102
Q

Lymph vessels tend to travel alongside?

A

Arteries

Year 1 Systems (JBR) (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions