Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1 Systems (JBR) > GI Anatomy - Abdominal Pain > Flashcards

GI Anatomy - Abdominal Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the foregut?

A

Oesophagus to mid-duodenum
Liver and gall bladder
Spleen
1/2 pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What makes up the midgut?

A

Midduodenum to the proximal 2/3rds of transverse colon

1/2 pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What makes up the handgun?

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to proximal 1/2 of anal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is guarding?

A

Anterolateral abdominal wall muscles contract to ‘guard’ the abdominal organs when injury threatens or peritonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the peritoneum?

A

Thin, transparent, semi-permeable serous membrane that lines the abdomino-pelvic cavity and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Peritoneum is a continuous membrane; parietal on the _______; visceral ______

A

body wall

engulfs the organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the peritoneal cavity?

A

Beween thee visceral and parietal peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Blood, pus or faeces i the peritoneal cavity will cause sever and painful inflammation called?

A

Peritonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Intraperitoneal organs are almost completely covered in?

A

Visceral peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How mobile are intraperitoneal organs?

A

Minimally mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Organs with a mesentery are covered in?

A

Visceral peritoneum (wraps around the organ to form a double layer called the mesentery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What defines retroperitoneal organs?

A

Only has visceral peritoneum on its anterior surface

Located in retroperitoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of rotation is there of abdominal organs during embryological development?

A

Left anterior right posterior

Turn clockwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mesentery usually connects?

A

Organs to the posterior body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is omentum?

A

Double layer of peritoneum that connects organs to one another on body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is peritoneal ligaments?

A

Double layer of peritoneum that connect organs to one another on body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mesentery has a core of?

A

Connective tissue with blood, lymph, nerve, lump nodes and fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The mesentery proper is associated with?

A

the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the other types of mesentery besides the mesentery proper?

A

Transverse and sigmoid mesocolon

Mesoappendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many layers does the greater momentum have?

A

4-layered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the macroscopic appearance of the greater momentum?

A

Hangs like an apron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the greater omentum attach to?

A

Attaches the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many layers does the lesser momentum have?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does the lesser momentum run?

A

Between the lesser curvature of the stomach and duodenum to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the characteristic feature of the lesser momentum?

A

Has a free edge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The omenta divide the peritoneal cavity into?

A

A greater and lesser sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How do the greater and lesser sac communicate?

A

Via the mental foramen aka Foramen of Winslow

28
Q

What makes up the portal triad?

A

Proper hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein
Common bile duct

29
Q

Inferiorly the peritoneum drapes over the superior aspect of the pelvic organs forming which pouches?

A

Males: retro-vesical pouch (aka Pouch of Douglas)
Females: vesico-uterine pouch/recto-uterine pouch

30
Q

What is ascites?

A

Collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

31
Q

What most commonly causes ascites?

A

Liver disease (cirrhosis causes portal hypertension)

32
Q

Ascites can be drained by which procedures?

A

Paracentesis

Abdominocentesis

33
Q

How can the pouch of Douglas be drains?

A

Transvaginally

34
Q

During abdo/para-cenesis a needle must be placed where? Why?

A

Lateral to the rectus sheath
Avoids the inferior epigastric artery (main supply to the abdominal wall)
Use USS guidance if available

35
Q

Where do the inferior epigastric arteries arise from?

A

The external iliac medial to the deep inguinal ring

36
Q

Between visceral and somatic pain; which is easy and which is hard to localise?

A 
Somatic = easy to localise
Visceral = hard to localise
37
Q

What character is typical of visceral pain?

A

Dull, achy and nauseating

38
Q

What character is typical of somatic pain?

A

Shape and stapping

39
Q

What does colic pain indicate?

A

Obstruction

40
Q

Organs with nthe abdominal cavity including visceral peritoneum are innervated by?

A

Visceral (sensory) afferents
ENS
ANS (can influence ENS)

41
Q

The abdominal wall from skin to parietal peritoneum is innervated by (3)?

A

Somatic sensory
Somatic motor
Sympathetic nerve fibres (no real parasympathetic supply)

42
Q

Sympathetic nerves to the abdominal organs leave the spinal cord between?

A

T5 and L2

43
Q

Sympathetic nerves to the abdominal organs leave the spinal cord between T5 and L2 and enter the _____. How do they leave the sympathetic chains?

A 
Sympathetic chains (bilaterally) 
They don't synapse - leave sympathetic chains within abdomino-pelvic splanchnic nerves and synapse at the pre vertebral ganglia which are located anterior to the aorta at the exit points of the major branches of the abdominal aorta.
44
Q

Postsynaptic sympathetic nerves fibres pass from the pre vertebral ganglia (coeliac/SMA/etc.) onto the surface of?

A

the arterial branches of the abdominal aorta

45
Q

The postsynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres from the pre vertebral ganglia (coeliac/SMA/etc.) take part in the ________ with other never fibres on arterial branches of the abdominal aorta

A

periarterial plexuses

46
Q

How do postsynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres pass from the pre vertebral ganglia to the smooth muscle and glands of the organ?

A

By hitching a ride to/away with the other nerve fibres in the periarterial plexuses on the surface of the arterial branches of the abdominal aorta

47
Q

How are sympathetic nerves for the adrenal gland unique?

A

Leave spinal cord at T10-L1 and enter the abdominosplanchnic nerves.
Don’t synapse at the pre vertebral ganglia
Carried with periarterial plexus to the adrenal gland
Synapse directly onto the cells

48
Q

The vagus nerve pre-synaptic nerve fibres enter the abdominal cavity on the surface of the?

A

Oesophagus

49
Q

The vagus nerve travels into ___________ around the abdominal aorta

A

periarterial plexuses

50
Q

The vagus nerve supplies parasympathetic nerve fibres to what in the abdomen?

A

GI tract

Abdominal organs up to the distal end of the transverse colon

51
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,3,4) presynaptic parasympathetic nerve fibres innervate?

A

Smooth muscle/glands of the descending colon to the anal canal
(Supply genitalia and descending colon)

52
Q

(RHYME): S2, 3, 4 keep..

A

…your guts off the floor

53
Q

Where does foregut pain tend to be felt?

A

In the epigastric region

54
Q

Where does midgut pain tend to be felt?

A

Umbilical

55
Q

Where is hindgut pain usually felt?

A

Pubic

56
Q

Foregut structures enter the spinal cord at approx.?

A

T6-T9

57
Q

Midgut structures enter the spinal cord at approx.?

A

T8-T12

58
Q

Hindgut structures enter the spinal cord at approx.?

A

T10-L2

59
Q

Somatic motor sensory and sympathetic nerves supplying the abdominal body wall are conveyed within?

A

Thoracoabdominal nerves

7-11th intercostal nerves

60
Q

The 7th to 11th intercostal nerves travel anteriorly, then leave the intercostal spaces in the plane between?

A

The internal oblique and transversus abdominus as thorax-abdominal nerves

61
Q

Where do subcostal nerves leave the spinal cord?

A

T12 anterior ramus

62
Q

Where do Iliohypogastric nerves leave the spinal cord?

A

Half of the L1 anterior ramus

63
Q

Where to Ilioinguinal nerves leave the spinal cord?

A

Half of the L1 anterior ramus

64
Q

How does pain from an appendicitis usually present?

A

Usually initially dull, aching pain in the umbilical region

As an appendicitis worsens, the appendix will start to irritate the right iliac fossa

65
Q

Why is pain from an appendicitis usually initially dull, aching pain in the umbilical region

A

Because visceral afferents from midgut organs enter the spinal cord between T8-T10 (appendix is T10 = umbilicus)

Year 1 Systems (JBR) (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions