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Year 1 Systems (JBR) > GI Anatomy - Bleeding in the GI Tract > Flashcards

GI Anatomy - Bleeding in the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

How many paracolic gutters are there between the lateral edge of the ascending/descending colon and the abdominal wall?

A

2

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2
Q

The paracolic gutters are part of the _______ and are potential sites for pus or fluid collection

A

greater sace

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3
Q

What are omental appendices of the colon?

A

Small pouches of the peritoneum filled with fat and situated along the colon, but are absent in the rectum

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4
Q

What are the teniae coli of the colon?

A

3 distinct longitudinal bands of thickened smooth muscle, running from the caecum to the distal end of the sigmoid colon

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5
Q

The 3 bands of the teniae coli of the colon come together at the caecum to form?

A

the appendix

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6
Q

What are hausfrau?

A

Small pouches formed by sacculation; because the tenure coli are shorter than the intestine, the colon becomes sacculated between them forming hasutra

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7
Q

The caecum and appendix both lie in the?

A

Right iliac fossae

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8
Q

The appendiceal orifice in the caecum has a _______ to aid with potential closing

A

Superior/inferior lip

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9
Q

The appendiceal orifice is located?

A

on the posteromedial wall of the wall of the caecum

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10
Q

The appendiceal orifice corresponds to _______ on the anterior abdominal wall approximately ___ of the way between the _____ to _______-

A

McBurney’s point
1/3
ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
Umbilicus

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11
Q

McBurney’s point is the theoretical area of?

A

Maximal tenderness of appendicitis

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12
Q

The appendix is typically located?

A

Behind the caecum (position is variable)

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13
Q

Where does the sigmoid colon lie?

A

In the LIF

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14
Q

The long sigmoid mesocolon gives the sigmoid colon a?

A

considerate degree of mobility

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15
Q

What is the risk associated with the considerate degree of mobility of the sigmoid colon?

A

Risk of twisting during embryological development (sigmoid volvulus) resulting in bowel obstruction and infarction if untreated

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16
Q

The abdominal aorta is a midline retroperitoneal structure anterior to vertebral bodies and left to the?

A

IVC

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17
Q

What re the midline branches of the abdominal aorta and at which vertebral level do they come off?

A

Coeliac trunk - T12
SMA - L1
IMA - L3

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18
Q

What are the lateral branches of the abdominal aorta and at which vertebral level do they come off?

A

Left/right renal artery - L1
Gonadal arteries - L2
Lumbar arteries - L4

19
Q

What do the lumbar arteries supply?

A

The posterolateral body wall

20
Q

The bifurcation of the abdominal aorta into the iliac arteries occurs at which vertebral level?

A

L4

21
Q

The common iliac arteries divide into?

A

external and internal iliac arteries

22
Q

What are the branches of the SMA (in order)

A 
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal (pancreas/duodenum)
Middle colic artery (transverse colon)
Right colic artery (ascending colon)
Ileocolic branches (ascending colon) 
Appendicular (runs within mesoappendix)
23
Q

What do the ileocolic branches of the SMA give off?

A

Jejunal and ileal arteries

24
Q

What is a noticeable difference between the jejunal and ideal arteries’ vasa rectae and arcades?

A

The jejunal arteries have longer vasa rectae and larger & fewer arcades than the ideal arteries

25
Q

What is the marginal artery of Drummond (aka juxta-colic artery)?

A

Arterial anastamoses between the SMA and IMA

26
Q

Whatis function of the marginal artery of Drummond?

A

Help prevent iscaeqhmia of the intestines by providing collateral routes for blood flow

27
Q

The rectum and anal canal are perfused by?

A

The superior rectal artery (branch of IMA)

28
Q

The inferior rectal artery supplies?

A

The perineum, genitalia and rectum

29
Q

What is the pectinate line?

A

Division of upper 2/3rds of the anal canal and lower 1/3rd

30
Q

The pectinate line is the site of boarder between which arteries?

A

Superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries

31
Q

At the pectinate line there are anastamoses between which vessels?

A

Superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries

32
Q

What are the two venous systems?

A

Portal and systemic venous system

33
Q

The hepatic portal vein drains blood from ______- to the liver for first pass metabolism

A

Fore, mid and hing gut

34
Q

The Spelling vein drains from ______ to _______

A

Foregut structures to hepatic portal vein

35
Q

The SMV drains blood from ______ to ______

A

Midgut structures

Hepatic portal vein

36
Q

The IMV drains blood from ______ to _______

A

Hindgut structures

Splenic vein

37
Q

Porto-systemic anastomoses at the distal end of the oesophagus, kin around the umbilicus, rectum/anal canal (and descending colon) consist of?
Varices/enlargement of these vessels is the result of?

A

Small collateral valve-less veins

Portal hypertension

38
Q

What are the anastomoses at the distal end of the oesophagus?

A

Inferior part drains into the HPV

Superior part drains into azygous vein

39
Q

What are the anastomoses at the skin around the umbilicus?

A

Connection between para-umbilical veins to HPV along the round ligament of the liver
Epigastric veins drain to cava/systemic system

40
Q

What are the anastomoses at the rectum/anal canal?

A

Rectum and superior anal canal drain into IMV

Inferior part of GI tract drains into internal iliac veins

41
Q

What can cause portal hypertension?

A

Liver pathology (cirrhosis) +/- tumour compressing the HPV leading to reversal of blood flow (varicosed collateral veins)

42
Q

What is the clinical presentation of portal hypertension?

A

Oesophageal varices
Caput medusa
Rectal varices

43
Q

Prolapse of rectal varicose can lead to?

A

Haemorrhoids (piles)

44
Q

What is haematemesis?

A

Vomiting blood

Year 1 Systems (JBR) (21 decks)

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