Cardio Anatomy - Mediastinum in Relation to Endovascular Interventions

Question 1

What is the thoracic inlet bounded by?

Answer 1

Rib 1
T1 vertebra
Jugular notch

Question 2

The division of the inferior and superior mediastinum is on the transverse thoracic plane between ____ and ____ intervertebral disc

Answer 2

sternal ange

T4/5

Question 3

The anterior medium contains the?

Answer 3

Thymus

Question 4

The thymus becomes replaced by ? after puberty

Answer 4

adipose tissue

Question 5

The middle mediastinum contains?

Answer 5

the heart + pericardium

Parts of the great vessels that connect with the heart (inferior SVC, superior IVC, pulmonary trunk + arteries + veins

Question 6

The posterior mediastinum contains?

Answer 6

Azygous vein (from intercostal veins towards SVC)
Sympathetic turns(chains
Thoracic duct (btw. azygous vein and oesophagus)
Oesophagus
Thoracic aorta
trachea + 2 main bronchi
Vagus nerves + trunks

Question 7

The azygous vein arches anteriorly superiorly over the?

Answer 7

lung root

Question 8

The right thoracic duct drains into the?

Answer 8

Right sternal angle

Question 9

Where is the right sternal angle?

Answer 9

Between the manubrium of the sternum and the body of the sternum
The manubriasternal junction

Question 10

The thoracic duct drains all of the lymph except?

Answer 10

Right upper left zone in the left sternal angle

Question 11

Where does the thoracic duct start i the abdomen?

Answer 11

Cisterna Chyli

Question 12

The vagus nerve is associated with the lateral aspect of the`

Answer 12

Trachea

Question 13

The left vagus nerve gives off a bunch called the ________ at the level of the _________ (attaches to the isthmus of the aorta)

Answer 13

left recurrent laryngeal nerve 
ligamentum arteriosum (hooks unter the aortic arch and heads up towards the larynx)

Question 14

Where does the right vagus nerve give of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 14

Hooks under the right subclavian artery

far superior to the LRLN

Question 15

What does the superior mediastinum contain? (ant. to posterior)

Answer 15

Braciocephalic veins and SVC
Arch of aorta
Trachea
Oesophagus
Thoracic duct

Question 16

What does the superior mediastinum contain (later to medial)

Answer 16

Phrenic nerves
Vagus nerves
Recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 17

What are central veins?

Answer 17

Large veins close enough to the ear that their internal pressure is approx. equal to the pressure within the right atrium

Question 18

What are the central veins?

Answer 18

Internal jugular veins
Subclavian 
Braciocephalic
SVC
IVC
Iliac
Femoral

Question 19

What causes the double pulsation observed at the JVP?

Answer 19

Atrial contraciton and then filling of the RA against a closed tricuspid valve conducted in a retrograde direction into central veins

Question 20

The JVP should not be elevated beyond how many centimetres at the angle of Louis?

Answer 20

3

Question 21

The phrenic enrages are from from combining the?

Answer 21

Anterior rami from spinal nerves C3, 4 and 5

Question 22

Somatic motor innervation from the phrenic nerves goes to the?

Answer 22

Diaphragm

Question 23

Somatic sensory nerves from the phrenic nerve goes to?

Answer 23

Mediastinal parietal pleura
Fibrous pericardium
Diaphragmatic parietal pleura
Parietal peritoneum

Question 24

Which cranial nerve is the vagus nerve?

Answer 24

CN X

Question 25

CN X contains somatic sensory nerves for?

Answer 25

The palate
Laryngo-pharynx
larynx

Question 26

CN X contains somatic motor nerves for?

Answer 26

Larynx

Pharynx

Question 27

CN X contains autonomic parasympathetic nerves for?

Answer 27

Thoracic and abdominal organs

Question 28

Irritation of the parietal peritoneum is referred via the supra-clavicular nerves that supply the dermatomes over the?

Answer 28

Shoulder tip

Question 29

The supra-clavicular nerves enter the spinal cord at the same levels as which nerves?

Answer 29

Phrenic nerves

Question 30

Where is bifurcation of the common carotid artery?

Answer 30

Anterior to the SCM at the superior level of thyroid cartilage

Question 31

Where is the brachial artery?

Answer 31

Medial to the biceps brachii tendon in the cubital fossa

Question 32

Where is the radial artery?

Answer 32

Lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis

Question 33

Where is the femoral artery?

Answer 33

Inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

Question 34

Where is the popliteal artery?

Answer 34

In the popliteal fossa (immediately posterior to the knee joint)

Question 35

Where is the posterior tibial artery?

Answer 35

Between the posterior border of the medial malleolus and Archille’s tendon

Question 36

Where is the dorsal is pedis artery?

Answer 36

Medial to the tendon of extensor hallucinating longus on the dorsum of the foot