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Anatomy and Physiology > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is salbutamol?

A

A selective beta-2-adrenoceptor

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2
Q

What does salbutamol do?

A

Relaxed smooth muscle in middle and small airways (bronchi and bronchioles)

Moistens airway

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3
Q

How much salbutamol do nebules contain?

A

2.5mg/2.5ml - half dose

OR

5mg/2.5ml - full dose (has more mg of salbutamol but same volume of liquid)

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4
Q

What are some indications to using salbutamol? (3)

A

Acute asthma attack where normal inhaler therapy has failed to relieve symptoms

Expiration wheezing associated with allergy, anaphylaxis, smoke inhalation or other lower respiratory cause

Exacerbation of COPD

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5
Q

What are some cautions to be taken when using salbutamol?

A

Hypertension

Angina

Overactive thyroid

Late pregnancy

Severe hypotension may occur in patients on beta-blockers and half doses should be used unless there is profound hypertension

COPD - 6 minutes on 6 litres

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6
Q

What are some side effects of salbutamol?

A

Tremor (shaking)

Tachycardia

Palpitations

Headache

Feeling of tension

Peripheral vasodilation

Muscle cramps

Rash

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7
Q

When should ipratropium bromide be used?

A

In acute severe or life threatening asthma, ipratropium should be given after the first dose of salbutamol.
In acute asthma or COPD unresponsive to salbutamol alone, a single dose of ipratropium may be given after salbutamol

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8
Q

How much salbutamol should be administered to adults?

A

5mg every 5 minutes with no max dose

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9
Q

What is Ipratropium bromide?

A

An antimuscarinic bronchodilator drug

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10
Q

What does Ipratropium bromide do?

A

It may provide short term relief in acute asthma

Considered great in treating children suffering from acute asthma and adults suffering with COPD

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11
Q

What are some indicators for the use of Ipratropium? (3)

A

Acute severe or life threatening asthma

Acute asthma unresponsive to salbutamol

Exacerbation of COPD unresponsive to salbutamol

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12
Q

How much Ipratropium is in nebules?

A

250mcg/1ml - half dose

500mcg/2ml - full dose

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13
Q

How much is 500mcg as mg?

A

0.5mg

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14
Q

What is 500mcg in g?

A

0.0005

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15
Q

What are some cautions needed for the use Ipratropium?

A

Glaucoma (damage to nerve in eye) - protect eyes from the mist

Pregnancy and breast feeding

Prostatic hyperplasia - increased growth of prostate gland which is the male sex gland that produces fluid that is part of semen

COPD - 6 minutes at 6 litres

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16
Q

What are some side effects of Ipratropium?

A

Nausea

Vomiting

Dry mouth

Tachycardia/arrhythmia

Tightness of the chest

Allergic reaction

17
Q

What is the adult dose of Ipratropium?

A

500mcg/2ml (NO REPEAT DOSE - max dose is 500mcg)

18
Q

What is adrenaline 1:1000?

A

It’s a sympathomimetic that stimulates both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

Reversed allergic manifestations of acute anaphylaxis

Relived bronchospasms in acute severe asthma

19
Q

What are some indications of use of adrenaline?

A

Anaphylaxis

Life threatening asthma with failing ventilation and continued deterioration despite nebuliser therapy

20
Q

How much adrenaline is in an ampule?

A

1mg/ml (1:1000)

21
Q

What are some cautions that need to be taken when administering adrenaline?

A

Severe hypotension may occur in patients on beta blockers

Do not administer IV adrenaline in cases of anaphylaxis

22
Q

What is the adrenaline (1:1000) dose for adults?

A

Administer 500mcg every 5 minutes intramuscularly. No max dose

23
Q

What is the purpose of hydrocortisone?

A

Reduces inflammation and suppresses the immune response

24
Q

How much hydrocortisone does an ampoule contain?

A

100mg of hydrocortisone sodium succinct for reconstitution with up to 2mls of water

25
Q

What are some indications for the use hydrocortisone?

A

Severe life threatening asthma

Anaphylaxis

Adrenal crisis

26
Q

What is a contraindication of hydrocortisone?

A

Allergy

27
Q

What are some cautions needed to be taken when using hydrocortisone?

A

Avoid IM (intramuscular) injections if patient requires thrombolysis

28
Q

What is the main side effect with using hydrocortisone?

A

May cause burning or itching in the groin of administered too quickly

29
Q

What is the hydrocortisone dosage for asthma?

A

Slow IV injevtion over 2 minutes (IM if IV is not possible)

100mg in 2ml for IV (ADULT)
100mg in 1ml for IM (ADULT)

Anatomy and Physiology (26 decks)

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