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Anatomy and Physiology > Drug Administration > Flashcards

Drug Administration Flashcards

1
Q

How is activated charcoal presented?

A

50 grams in 250ml in either granules or suspension in the water

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2
Q

What are some indications for use of activated charcoal?

A

Acute oral poisoning or oral drug overdose

Adults and children aged 1 and over who have ingested toxins less that 1 hour before ambulance attendance

Adults and children, irrespective of time of ingestion, who have ingested toxins and where Toxbase or The National Poisons Information Service (0344 8920111) have been contacted and advised the administration of activated charcoal

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3
Q

What is considered a paracetamol overdose?

A

Recommended dose is 4g in 24 hours for adults

Ingestion exceeding 4g is an overdose but toxicity is extremely unlikely if less than 75mg/kg paracetamol has been ingested within 24 hours

Single acute overdose is defined as an ingestion or less than 4g in a period of less than an hour

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4
Q

How is the toxic dose of activated charcoal for pregnant patients?

A

Use patients pre-pregnancy weight

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5
Q

What is the volume of activated charcoal an adult can orally consume?

A

50mg in 250ml

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6
Q

What is the max dose of activated charcoal for an adult?

A

50mg

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7
Q

How much activated charcoal should children aged 1 year to under 12 years consume?

A

Should drink 125ml, which is equivalent to 25 grand of activated charcoal or half of contents of one bottle unless large quantity of poison has been ingested

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8
Q

What cab activated charcoal be consumed with?

A

Soft drinks or fruit juice

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9
Q

How is adrenaline 1mg in 10ml (1:10,000) presented?

A

Pre-filled syringe containing 1mg of adrenaline (epinephrine) in 10ml (1:10,000)

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10
Q

When should adrenaline 1:10,000 be used?

A

Cardiac arrest

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11
Q

When should repeated doses of adrenaline 1:10,000 not be used?

A

Cannot be repeated on hypothermic patients

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12
Q

During cardiac arrest, when should adrenaline 1:10,000 be administered?

A

Shockable rhythms:
Administer adrenaline after 3rd shock and then after alternate shocks (ie. 5th, 7th etc)

Non-shockable:
Administer adrenaline immediately IV access is achieved then alternate loops

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13
Q

What is the recommended adrenaline dose IV/IO for an adult?

A

1mg in the 10ml

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14
Q

What is the dose interval for adrenaline 1:10,000 and what is the max dose?

A

3-5 minutes

No limit to dose. Repeat 1mg dose

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15
Q

How is adrenaline 1mg in 1ml (1:1000) presented?

A

Pre-filled syringe or ampoule containing 1mg of adrenaline (epinephrine) in 1ml (1:1000)

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16
Q

When should adrenaline 1:1000 be used?

A

Anaphylaxis

Life-threatening asthma with failing ventilation and continued deterioration despite nebuliser therapy

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17
Q

When should adrenaline 1:1000 not be administered?

A

Should not be administered IV in cases of anaphylaxis

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18
Q

What is the recommended dose of adrenaline 1:1000 adults and children over the age of 12?

A

IM 500mcg in 0.5ml

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19
Q

What is the dose interval for adrenaline 1:1000 and what is the max dose?

A

5 minutes

No max dose. Repeat dose is 500mcg

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20
Q

How is aspirin presented?

A

300mg aspirin in tablet form. Dispersible or chewable

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21
Q

When can aspirin be given?

A

Adults with clinical or ECG evidence suggestive of myocardial infarction or ischaemia

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22
Q

What does aspirin do?

A

Has an anti-platelet action which reduces clot formation

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23
Q

What are some contraindications of aspirin?

A 
Allergy or sensitivity
Children under 16 years
Active gastrointestinal bleed
Haemophilia or other known clotting disorders 
Severe hepatic disease
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24
Q

What type of patients can have aspirin who also have MI or ischaemia?

A 
Asthma
Pregnancy
Kidney or liver failure 
Gastric or duodenal ulcer
Current treatment with anticoagulants
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25
Q

What are some side effects of activated charcoal?

A

Black stools

Intestinal obstruction (blockage of digestive system)

Bezoar formation (ball of material in the stomach that is not passed out)

Intestinal perforation (rare, but can occur after several treatments)

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26
Q

What is the side effects of aspirin?

A

Increased risk of gastric bleeding

Wheezing in some asthmatics

27
Q

Who can have aspirin?

A

Children over the age of 16 and adults

28
Q

What is the dose of aspirin for an adults?

A

Oral - 300mg in 1tablet

29
Q

What is the max dose of aspirin?

A

300mg

Cannot be repeated

30
Q

How is glucagon presented?

A

Glucagon injection, 1mg of powder in vial for reconstitution with water for injection

31
Q

When would glucagon be administered?

A

Hypoglycaemia or unconscious patients where hypoglycaemia is considered likely cause (less than 4 BM)

Glucagon IM should only be administered when oral glucose administration is not possible or is ineffective, and/or when IV access to administer 10% glucose is not possible

32
Q

Why should glucagon not be given by IV injection?

A

Increased vomiting associated with IV use

33
Q

What are the side effect of glucagon?

A 
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain in adults
Diarrhoea in children
Hypokalaemia
Hypotension in adults
Acute hypersensitivity reaction, although is rare
34
Q

If patient is unconscious due to hypoglycaemia, how should glucagon be administered and how much?

A

Glucose 10% IV

35
Q

What is the IM dose of glucagon in thigh or upper arm?

A

1mg in 1 vial

36
Q

Can glucagon dose be repeated?

A

No and max dose is 1mg

37
Q

If no response to IM glucagon, what is next point of treatment?

A

If no response within 10 minutes administer intravenous glucose 10%

38
Q

How is glucose 40% oral gel presented?

A

Plastic tube containing 25g glucose 40% oral gel

39
Q

What is the recommended dose of glucose 40% oral gel for an adult and children older than 12?

A

Route is buccal

10-20g in 1-2tubes

40
Q

What is the max dose of glucose 40% oral gel?

A

2 tubes/20grams

41
Q

How is glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) presented?

A

Sublingual spray containing 400mcg per metered dose

42
Q

What are the indications of the use of GTN?

A

Cardiac chest pain due to angina or MI, when systolic BP is greater than 90mmHg

Breathlessness due to pulmonary oedema in acute heart failure when systolic BP is greater than 110mmHg

43
Q

What are the side effects of GTN?

A

Headache
Dizziness
Hypotension

44
Q

What is the dose of GTN for angina, MI and Acute Heart Failure?

A

400-800mcg in 1-2 sprays

45
Q

What is the dose interval for GTN?

A

5-10mins

46
Q

How is ibuprofen presented?

A

Solution or suspension containing ibuprofen 100mg in 5ml (20mg in 1ml)

47
Q

What are some indications of ibuprofen?

A

Relief of mild to moderate pain
Pyrex is with discomfort
Soft tissue injuries

48
Q

What is the dose of ibuprofen for children aged 12 years and over, and adults?

A

400mg

49
Q

What is the dose interval of ibuprofen and what is the repeat dose and max dose?

A

8 hours
4mg
1.2g per 24 hours

50
Q

How is Ipratropium Bromide presented?

A

Nebuliser liquid Ipratropium 250mcg per 1ml liquid unit dose vial

Nebuliser liquid Ipratropium 500mcg per 2ml liquid unit dose vial

51
Q

What are the indications for the use of Ipratropium bromide?

A

Acute, severe or life threatening asthma

Acute asthma unresponsive to salbutamol

Exacerbation of COPD unresponsive to salbutamol

52
Q

What are some side effects of Ipratropium?

A 
Nausea
Dry mouth
Tachycardia/arrhythmia 
Tightness of chest
Allergic reaction
53
Q

If COPD, what is the time interval for Ipratropium?

A

6 minutes

54
Q

What is the adult dose of Ipratropium?

A

6-8 litres per minute oxygen

500mcg in 2ml
Half for child

55
Q

What is the dose of paracetamol for an infant? (3 months to 5 years)

A

120mg in 5ml

56
Q

What is the dose of paracetamol for 6 and over?

A

250mg in 5ml

57
Q

What is the paracetamol dose for a 16 year old - adult?

A

500mg-1g in 10-20ml

58
Q

What is the dose interval for paracetamol for a 16 year old - adult?

A

4-6 hours

59
Q

What is the max dose of paracetamol for 16 years - adult?

A

2-4 grams in 24 hours

60
Q

For all ages of paracetamol administration, what should be checked?

A

JRCALC

61
Q

How is salbutamol presented?

A

Nebules containing salbutamol 2.5mg in 2.5ml or 5mg in 2.5ml

62
Q

When is salbutamol used?

A

Acute asthma attack where normal inhaler therapy has failed

Expository wheezing associated with allergy, anaphylaxis, smoke inhalation or other lower airway causes

Exacerbation of COPD

63
Q

What are the side effects of using salbutamol?

A 
Tremor (shaking)
Tachycardia
Palpitations 
Headache
Feeling of tension
Peripheral vasodilation
Muscle cramps
Rash
64
Q

What is the adult dose of salbutamol?

A

6-8 litres of oxygen

5mg in 5ml

Anatomy and Physiology (26 decks)

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