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Anatomy and Physiology > Nervous System Part 1 > Flashcards

Nervous System Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What two systems is involved in internal communication?

A

Endocrine system and nervous system

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2
Q

What is the endocrine system located and what does it do? (4)

A

It is located in different parts of the body

Secretes hormones (chemical messengers)

Hormones secreted directly into the bloodstream

Hormones target cells and tissues

Slower than nerves

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3
Q

What is the nervous in control of? (3)

A

Communication and controlling system

Coordinates activities and actions of individual body systems

Faster than the endocrine system

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4
Q

What do the nervous system and endocrine system have in common?

A

Both maintain homeostasis

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5
Q

What are the three principles of the nervous system?

A

Receive
Convey
Integrate

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6
Q

How does the nervous system receive input?

A

It revived stimuli from outside and inside of the body

Analyses this info

Coordinates an appropriate response

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7
Q

How does the nervous system convey information?

A

Conveys impulses from the brain

Stimulates or depresses activity in muscles, glands or other tissues

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8
Q

How does the nervous system integrate information?

A

Integrates the many different functions carried out by individual organs, tissues and cells

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9
Q

What is the nervous system split into?

A

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

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10
Q

How does the CNS send information to the PNS?

A

Using efferent neurons (motor)

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11
Q

How does the PNS send impulses to CNS?

A

Using afferent neurons (sensory)

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12
Q

What is the brain split into?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem

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13
Q

What is the exocrine system?

A

Releases enzymes into ducts

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14
Q

What are the three meninges of the brain?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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15
Q

What is in-between the meninges of the brain?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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16
Q

What is the brain stem split into?

A

Midbrain
Pons Variolli
Medulla Oblongata

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17
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system split into?

A

Parasympathetic NS

Sympathetic NS

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18
Q

What is the sympathetic NS responsible for?

A

Fight or flight response

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19
Q

What is the parasympathetic NS responsible for?

A

Relaxation

20
Q

What is the Peripheral NS split into?

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system

21
Q

What is the somatic NS responsible for?

A

Voluntary actions

22
Q

What is the role of a neurone?

A

Conduct nerve impulses

23
Q

What is the role of neuroglia?

A

It is a unique connective tissue that supports neurones

24
Q

What is a dendrite and its role?

A

An extension of the cell body

Forms white matter of the NS

25
Q

What is the cell body and where is it found?

A

Found in the periphery of the brain and in the centre if the spinal cord

Forms grey matter of the nervous system

26
Q

What forms the grey matter in the NS?

A

Cell body of the neurones

27
Q

What forms the white matter of the NS?

A

Dendrites of the neurones

28
Q

What are terminal boutons on a neuron?

A

They are neurotransmitters at the of a neuron which transfer the electrical impulse from one neuron to the next

29
Q

What is a myelinated neuron and how and what is it formed of?

A

Formed of peripheral nerves

Concentric layers of Schwann cell plasma membrane wrapped around the axon and between the layers is myelin

30
Q

What is the purpose of myelin?

A

Insulate the axon

31
Q

What is the role of the Nodes of Ranvier?

A

Assist rapid transmission of nerve impulses

Assists in Saltatory conduction where the impulse jumps along the gaps between the myelin allowing faster transmission

32
Q

What happens at the terminal bouton in relation to the electrical impulse?

A

Changes from electrical to chemical impulse

33
Q

Why does the impulse change from electrical to chemical at the terminal bouton?

A

Because the nerves do not come into contact and therefore electricity cannot be passed from one neurone to the next

34
Q

What are neurotransmitters made by?

A

Nerve cells

35
Q

Where are neurotransmitters stored?

A

At the terminal boutons of a neurone

36
Q

What is the name of the most abundant neurotransmitter in the body?

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)

37
Q

Where is Ach found?

A

In the CNS and the PNS

38
Q

What are the two main functions of the Ach neurotransmitter?

A

Stimulates muscle contractions

Memory and cognition

39
Q

What is a nerve?

A

Numerous neurones that are bundled together

40
Q

What is the role of an afferent nerve?

A

Sensory

Carry information from the body to the spinal cord

Can be automatic

41
Q

What is the role of an efferent nerve?

A

Motor

Originates in the brain and spinal cord

Transmits impulses to effector organs: muscles and glands

42
Q

What are the four types of neuroglia?

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells
Microgli

43
Q

Where do cranial nerves originate from?

A

Nuclei within the brain

44
Q

How is the cranial nerves ordered?

A

Using roman numerals according to the order they connect to the brain, starting anteriorly

45
Q

What is the name of the 10th cranial nerve?

A

Vagus Nerve

46
Q

How is the spinal nerves named and split?

A 
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Anatomy and Physiology (26 decks)

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