respiratory a&p

Question 1

structures

Answer 1

upper respiratory tract & lower respiratory tract

Question 2

upper respiratory tract

Answer 2

(outside therapy)
mouth 
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx

Question 3

lower respiratory tract

Answer 3

(in throax)
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli

Question 4

upper respiratory tract functions

Answer 4

nose

• inhale air
• warm and humidify respiratory mucosa- air distribution/ warm clean air

pharynx- a passage from the respiratory and digestive tract

• “throat”
• nasopharynx- upper most
• oropharynx
• laryngophaynx- lowest portion

larynx

• “voice box”
• epiglottis- partially covers larynx

Question 5

trachea

Answer 5

neck to the bronchial tree

• passageway for air- respiratory mucosa- very important to propel foreign substances up
• cartilaginous ring

Question 6

bronchial tree

Answer 6

• main stem bronchi- mucous
• right and left bronchi (primary)
• bronchioles
• alveoli

has surfactant- thin water substance to reduce surface tension/structures in lining and prevents aveoli from collapsing

aveoli–> alevoli sac–> individual aveloi

Question 7

lungs

Answer 7

right lung: 3 lobes
left lungs: 2 lobes

pleura

• membranous sac
• lines lungs and rib cage
• prevents friction

Question 8

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 8

inspiration (inhalation)

• chest cavity expands
• increased lung volume
• inspiratory muscles: external coastal muscles, diaphragm

expiration (exhalation)

• typically passive
• chest cavity returns to its original size
• increased pressure in the thoracic cavity
• expiratory muscles: internal intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles

Question 9

eupena

Answer 9

normal rate and rhythm

Question 10

changes in pattern (rhythm)

Answer 10

• hyperventilation: fast and deep
• hypoventilaion- slow and shallow
• dyspnea- difficult breathing
• apnea- stop breathing for a brief period
• respiratory arrest- fail to remain breathing

Question 11

changes in rate

Answer 11

tachypnea- >20

bradypnea< 12

Question 12

gas exchange

Answer 12

occurs in alveoli

• ventilation: bring gas/air in
• perfusion: take air and diffuse it across the respiratory membrane to capillary bed to body

Question 13

process of gas exchange

Answer 13

• deoxygenated blood from the heart is carried to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
• gas exchange takes place in capillaries covering alveoli
• co2 dropped off and exhaled
• 02 picked up during inhalation
• oxygenated blood returns to the heart from the lungs by way of the pulmonary vein