hematopoietic

Question 1

diseases of wbc

Answer 1

• 5000- 10,000
• leukocytosis- above normal
• leukopenia- less than normal

disorders

• neutropenia
• infectious mononucleosis
• lymphomas
• leukemias
• multiple myeloma

Question 2

neutropenia

Answer 2

• decrease neutrophil- leads to more infections
• normal: 2,000-7,500 cells/ml
• causes: increase use infection, decrease production

Question 3

clinical manifestations of neutropenia

Answer 3

fever
chills
fatigue

Question 4

neutropenia diagnosis and treatment

Answer 4

• complete blood count
• bone marrow biopsy

treatment
- causative in nature: need to know underlying cause treatment

Question 5

infectious mononucleosis

Answer 5

mono

• epstein barr virus
• young adults
• droplet transmission: salvia/ mucous, coughing sneezing, utensils, glasses
• incubation period: 4-6 weeks

Question 6

clinical manifestations of infectious monoculeosis

Answer 6

fatigue
anorexia
chills
sore throat
fever
lymphopathy

Question 7

diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis

Answer 7

symptomatic
labwork
- increase lymphocytes
- decrease neutrophils

Question 8

treatment of infectious mononucleosis

Answer 8

bedrest
hydration 
analgesics
corticosteroids
antipyretics 
avoid contact sports

Question 9

lymphomas

Answer 9

cancer of lymphatic cells
most common blood cancer
- hodgkin
- non-hodgkin

risk factors

• hiv
• ebv

Question 10

Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 10

• b lymphocytes
• presence of reed-sternberg cells

prevalence

• adults 20-30
• after 70
• males slightly more than females

Question 11

Hodgkin lymphoma prognosis

Answer 11

• decrease mortality rates
• increase prognosis with early diagnosis
• 84% 5 year survival rate

Question 12

signs and symptoms and diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 12

• painless swollen lymph node
• pruritus
• fever
• night sweats
• weight loss
• malaise

diagnosis

• biopsy
• ct scan

Question 13

Hodgkin lymphoma staging

Answer 13

stage 1
- single lymph node or site

stage 2
- two or more nodes on the same side of the diaphragm

stage 3
- nodes on both sides of the diaphragm

stage 4
- widely disseminated disease in organs or tissues

Question 14

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 14

• b&t cells
• accounts for 90% of all lymphomas

prevalence

• increase in Caucasians
• increase with age
• increase in males

prognosis
- poor- 69% 5 year survival rate (metasized faster)

clinical manifestations:
same as hodgkin

Question 15

leukemias

Answer 15

cancer of leukocytes

• caused by production of abnormal leukocytes (leukemia cells)
• results in immture wbc

prevalence

• 9th most common blood cancer
• children affected 10x more than adults
• increase in caucasians
• increase in males

etiology

• viral
• chemical
• genetic

Question 16

types of leukemia

Answer 16

acute

chronic

Question 17

acute leukemia

Answer 17

acute lymphocytic leukemia

• affects children
• good prognosis

acute myeloid leukeima

• adults >60
• progonosis not as good

Question 18

chronic leukemia

Answer 18

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

chronic myelogenous leukemua

Question 19

leukemia clinical manifestations

Answer 19

weight loss
anorexia
enlargement of spleen and liver

Question 20

leukemia diagnosis and treatmentnt

Answer 20

complete blood count
- decrease in wbcs, rbcs, platelts

treatment

• chemo
• bone marrow transplant

Question 21

multiple myeloma

Answer 21

cancer of plasma cells

• destruction of bone
• formation of bone lesions and hypercalcemi

prevalence

• uncommon
• African Americans
• men

etiology
- chromosomal abnormalities

manifestations:

• pathological features
• pain

Question 22

diseases of red blood cells

Answer 22

4.2- 5.9 million cells/mcl

disorders

• anemia
• iron- deficiency
• pernicious
• aplatic
• hemolytic (sickle cell)

Question 23

anemia

Answer 23

• decrease in rbc
• decrease in hemoglobin content
• abnormal Hgb

results from

• impaired production
• increased destructing
• blood loss

leading to
- decreased oxygen-carrying capacity

Question 24

anemia clinical manifestations

Answer 24

• weakness
• fatigue
• pallor
• syncope
• dyspenea
• tachycardia

Question 25

iron deficiency anemia

Answer 25

- low iron - decrease hgb production - decrease absorption (upper gi tract) - increase bleeding (menstruation) prevalence - women of childbearing age - children under 2 - elderly diagnosis - cbc - ferritin - iron

Question 26

pernicious anemia

Answer 26

- b12 deficency or megaloblastic anemia - decrease cyancobalmin b12 - lack on intristic factor - acquired: portion of stomach/intestines autoimmune - destruction of pareital cells - results in immature rbcs diagnosis - cbc - vitamin b12

Question 27

aplastic anemia

Answer 27

- destruction of bone marrow - resulting from variety of factors autoimmune conditions - medications - viruses - toxins - genetic abnormalities - pancytopenia: low rbc, wbcs, plts - increase clinical manifestations diagnosis - cbc - bone marrow biopsy

Question 28

hemolytic anemia

Answer 28

- destruction (hemolysis of rbc multiple types - sickle anemia - thalassemia- rare - erthryoblastosis- children

Question 29

sickle cell anemia

Answer 29

- inherited autosomal recessive - hgb becomes sensitive to changes in 02 - changes from disk shape to crescent shape - not able to flow through vessels leading to clumping - only live for 20 days instead of 120 days

Question 30

signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia

Answer 30

- severe pain and swelling - abdomincal pain - tackypnea - dilute urine and blood in urine

Question 31

sicle cell diagnosis

Answer 31

- sickledex test | - hemoglobin electrophoresis

Question 32

diseases of platelets

Answer 32

150,000- 350,000 - thrombocytosis- increase platelets - thrombocytopenia- low platlets disorders - hemophilia - disseminated intravascular coagulation - immune thrombocytopenia purpura

Question 33

hemophilia

Answer 33

clot slower patho: a-factor 8 80% b-factor 9 9% etiology: heredity symptoms - bleeding - muscles - subcutaneous tissue - brain cant go thru platelet cascad

Question 34

hemophilia diagnosis

Answer 34

- bleeding studies: ppt prolonged treatment - prevent bleeding - replace clotting factors - transfusions

Question 35

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Answer 35

- accelerated clotting - clotting factors depleted - bleeding etiology: major trauma signs: - abnormal bleeding - joint pain - nausea and vomiting - organ system failure - convulsions - shock, coma - death

Question 36

immune thrombocytopenic purpura ITP

Answer 36

- platelet destrcution by immune system - risk for bleeding etiology - acute viral illness - drug reaction - immune system dysfunction signs - bleeding - petechiae - ecchymoses - bleeding