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patho > hematopoietic > Flashcards

hematopoietic Flashcards

1
Q

diseases of wbc

A
  • 5000- 10,000
  • leukocytosis- above normal
  • leukopenia- less than normal

disorders

  • neutropenia
  • infectious mononucleosis
  • lymphomas
  • leukemias
  • multiple myeloma
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2
Q

neutropenia

A
  • decrease neutrophil- leads to more infections
  • normal: 2,000-7,500 cells/ml
  • causes: increase use infection, decrease production
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3
Q

clinical manifestations of neutropenia

A

fever
chills
fatigue

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4
Q

neutropenia diagnosis and treatment

A
  • complete blood count
  • bone marrow biopsy

treatment
- causative in nature: need to know underlying cause treatment

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5
Q

infectious mononucleosis

A

mono

  • epstein barr virus
  • young adults
  • droplet transmission: salvia/ mucous, coughing sneezing, utensils, glasses
  • incubation period: 4-6 weeks
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6
Q

clinical manifestations of infectious monoculeosis

A 
fatigue
anorexia
chills
sore throat
fever
lymphopathy
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7
Q

diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis

A

symptomatic
labwork
- increase lymphocytes
- decrease neutrophils

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8
Q

treatment of infectious mononucleosis

A 
bedrest
hydration 
analgesics
corticosteroids
antipyretics 
avoid contact sports
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9
Q

lymphomas

A

cancer of lymphatic cells
most common blood cancer
- hodgkin
- non-hodgkin

risk factors

  • hiv
  • ebv
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10
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A
  • b lymphocytes
  • presence of reed-sternberg cells

prevalence

  • adults 20-30
  • after 70
  • males slightly more than females
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11
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma prognosis

A
  • decrease mortality rates
  • increase prognosis with early diagnosis
  • 84% 5 year survival rate
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12
Q

signs and symptoms and diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma

A
  • painless swollen lymph node
  • pruritus
  • fever
  • night sweats
  • weight loss
  • malaise

diagnosis

  • biopsy
  • ct scan
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13
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma staging

A

stage 1
- single lymph node or site

stage 2
- two or more nodes on the same side of the diaphragm

stage 3
- nodes on both sides of the diaphragm

stage 4
- widely disseminated disease in organs or tissues

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14
Q

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A
  • b&t cells
  • accounts for 90% of all lymphomas

prevalence

  • increase in Caucasians
  • increase with age
  • increase in males

prognosis
- poor- 69% 5 year survival rate (metasized faster)

clinical manifestations:
same as hodgkin

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15
Q

leukemias

A

cancer of leukocytes

  • caused by production of abnormal leukocytes (leukemia cells)
  • results in immture wbc

prevalence

  • 9th most common blood cancer
  • children affected 10x more than adults
  • increase in caucasians
  • increase in males

etiology

  • viral
  • chemical
  • genetic
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16
Q

types of leukemia

A

acute

chronic

17
Q

acute leukemia

A

acute lymphocytic leukemia

  • affects children
  • good prognosis

acute myeloid leukeima

  • adults >60
  • progonosis not as good
18
Q

chronic leukemia

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

chronic myelogenous leukemua

19
Q

leukemia clinical manifestations

A

weight loss
anorexia
enlargement of spleen and liver

20
Q

leukemia diagnosis and treatmentnt

A

complete blood count
- decrease in wbcs, rbcs, platelts

treatment

  • chemo
  • bone marrow transplant
21
Q

multiple myeloma

A

cancer of plasma cells

  • destruction of bone
  • formation of bone lesions and hypercalcemi

prevalence

  • uncommon
  • African Americans
  • men

etiology
- chromosomal abnormalities

manifestations:

  • pathological features
  • pain
22
Q

diseases of red blood cells

A

4.2- 5.9 million cells/mcl

disorders

  • anemia
  • iron- deficiency
  • pernicious
  • aplatic
  • hemolytic (sickle cell)
23
Q

anemia

A
  • decrease in rbc
  • decrease in hemoglobin content
  • abnormal Hgb

results from

  • impaired production
  • increased destructing
  • blood loss

leading to
- decreased oxygen-carrying capacity

24
Q

anemia clinical manifestations

A
  • weakness
  • fatigue
  • pallor
  • syncope
  • dyspenea
  • tachycardia
25
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A
  • low iron
  • decrease hgb production
  • decrease absorption (upper gi tract)
  • increase bleeding (menstruation)

prevalence

  • women of childbearing age
  • children under 2
  • elderly

diagnosis

  • cbc
  • ferritin
  • iron
26
Q

pernicious anemia

A
  • b12 deficency or megaloblastic anemia
  • decrease cyancobalmin b12
  • lack on intristic factor
    • acquired: portion of stomach/intestines
    autoimmune
    • destruction of pareital cells
  • results in immature rbcs

diagnosis

  • cbc
  • vitamin b12
27
Q

aplastic anemia

A
  • destruction of bone marrow
  • resulting from variety of factorsautoimmune conditions
    • medications
    • viruses
    • toxins
    • genetic abnormalities
  • pancytopenia: low rbc, wbcs, plts
  • increase clinical manifestations

diagnosis

  • cbc
  • bone marrow biopsy
28
Q

hemolytic anemia

A
  • destruction (hemolysis of rbc

multiple types

  • sickle anemia
  • thalassemia- rare
  • erthryoblastosis- children
29
Q

sickle cell anemia

A
  • inherited autosomal recessive
  • hgb becomes sensitive to changes in 02
  • changes from disk shape to crescent shape
  • not able to flow through vessels leading to clumping
  • only live for 20 days instead of 120 days
30
Q

signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia

A
  • severe pain and swelling
  • abdomincal pain
  • tackypnea
  • dilute urine and blood in urine
31
Q

sicle cell diagnosis

A
  • sickledex test

- hemoglobin electrophoresis

32
Q

diseases of platelets

A

150,000- 350,000

  • thrombocytosis- increase platelets
  • thrombocytopenia- low platlets

disorders

  • hemophilia
  • disseminated intravascular coagulation
  • immune thrombocytopenia purpura
33
Q

hemophilia

A

clot slower
patho: a-factor 8 80%
b-factor 9 9%

etiology: heredity

symptoms

  • bleeding
  • muscles
  • subcutaneous tissue
  • brain

cant go thru platelet cascad

34
Q

hemophilia diagnosis

A
  • bleeding studies: ppt prolonged

treatment

  • prevent bleeding
  • replace clotting factors
  • transfusions
35
Q

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A
  • accelerated clotting
  • clotting factors depleted
  • bleeding

etiology: major trauma

signs:

  • abnormal bleeding
  • joint pain
  • nausea and vomiting
  • organ system failure
  • convulsions
  • shock, coma
  • death
36
Q

immune thrombocytopenic purpura ITP

A
  • platelet destrcution by immune system
  • risk for bleeding

etiology

  • acute viral illness
  • drug reaction
  • immune system dysfunction

signs

  • bleeding
  • petechiae
  • ecchymoses
  • bleeding

patho (24 decks)

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