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patho > endocrine ch.10 > Flashcards

endocrine ch.10 Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine disorders

A

too much or too little hormone activity

  • production/ secretion
  • tissue sensitivity
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2
Q

primary disorder

A

problem within the gland itself

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3
Q

secondary disorder

A

outside of the gland

- thyroid stimulating hormone in decrease not enough throyid being told to release

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4
Q

anterior pituitary

A

growth hormone

  • dwarfism
  • acromegaly
  • larger controls other glands
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5
Q

posterior pituitary

A

antidirutetic hormone

  • syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
  • diabetes insipidus
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6
Q

growth hormone imbalance

A
  • too little: short stature

- too much: gigantism acromegaly

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7
Q

growth hormone deficiency pathology

A
  • deficient GH in childhood

- growth not affected in adults

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8
Q

growth hormone deficiency etiology

A
  • pituitary tumor
  • surgery or trauma to cranial cavity
  • failure of pituitary to develop: see it early on
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9
Q

growth hormone deficiency dwarfism clinical manifestations

A
  • grow only to 3 to 4 feet
  • slowed sexual maturation
  • may have mental retardation
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10
Q

acromegaly path

A
  • excess growth hormone in adults
  • bones grow in width, not length
  • organs and connective tissues also enlarge
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11
Q

acromegaly etiology & clinical manifestations

A

pituitary gland

clinical manifestations

  • change in shoe or ring size
  • nose, jaw, brow enlarge
  • kyphsosis
  • difficulty speaking and swallowing
  • headaches/ visual changes
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12
Q

ADH too little/too much

A

too little= diabetes insidious

too much= siadh

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13
Q

diabetes insipidus patho

A
  • insufficienct adh
  • kidneys do not reabsorb water
  • diuresis 3-15 l per day= more urine output
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14
Q

diabetes insipidus causes

A
  • pituitary tumor
  • aneurysms
  • cns infections
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15
Q

diabetes insipidus clinical manifestations

A
  • polyuria- too much urine
  • polydipsia- increase thirst
  • nocturia
  • dilute urine
  • dehydration
  • decreased loc
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16
Q

SIADH path

A
  • too much ADH
  • water retention
  • hyponatremia
  • decreased serum osmolality
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17
Q

SIADH causes

A
  • tumors
  • severe stress/ trauma
  • cerebral hemorrhage
  • diabetes insidious tx complications
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18
Q

SIADH signs and symptoms

A
  • weight gain without edema
  • dilution hyponatremia
  • concentrated urine
  • muscle cramps and weakness
  • brain swelling, seizures, death
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19
Q

thyroid hormone imbalance diseases

A

goiter
hypothroidism
hyperthyroidism

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20
Q

goiter patho

A
  • enlarged thyroid gland
  • elevated TSH
  • hyperplasia
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21
Q

goiter causes

livgg

A
  • low th
  • iodine deficiency
  • virus
  • genetic
  • goitrogens
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22
Q

hypothyroidism path

A
  • th deficiency
  • metabolic rate reduced
  • primary= not enough th
  • secondary= not enough TSH
23
Q

hypothyroidism causes

citia

A
  • congenital
  • inflammatory
  • iodine deficiency
  • thydroidectomy
  • autoimmune (hashitomots thyroiditis)
24
Q

hashitomots thyroiditis

A

attacks thyroid tissues

25
hashitomots clinical manifestations
- fatigue - bradycardia - consitpation - mental dullness - cold intolerance - hypoventilation - dry skin and hair - weight gain - heart failure - hyperlipidemia - myxedema
26
hyperthyroidism patho
- increased metabolic rate - increased beta receptors - primary: too much TH - secondary: too much TSH
27
hyperthyroidism causes
- autoimmune (graves disease) - goiter - pituitary tumor (secondary) - thyroid CA - overuse of thyroid hormones
28
hyperthyroidism clinical manifestations
Hypermetabolic state - heat intolerance - increased appetite - weight loss - frequent stools - nervousness - tachycardia, palpitations - tremor - heart failure - warm smooth skin - exophthalmos (GRAVES DISEASE)
29
parathyroid hormone diseases
hypoparathyroidism | hyperparathyroidism
30
hypoparathyroidism patho
- decrease in PTH - calcium stays in bones - hyperphosphatemia
31
hypoparathyroidism causes
- heredity | - accidental removal of parathyroid during thyroidectomy
32
hypoparathyroidism clinical manifestations
tenany - neruomucular irritability - numbness and tinging of fingers and peri-oral area - muscle spasms - cardiac dysrthythmias - troussa sign - trasric sign
33
hyperparathyroidism path
- parathyroid overactivity - increased pth - hypercalcemia - hypophosphatemia
34
hyperparathyroidism causes
- parathyroid hyperplasia - benign parathyroid tumor - heredity
35
hyperparathyroidism clinical manifestations
- fatigue - depression - confusion - nausea and vomiting - kidney stones - joint pain - pathological fractures - dysrhythmias - cardiac arrest - coma
36
adrenal medulla disorders
pheochromocytoma
37
pheochromocytoma
- tumor of chromatin cells of adrenal medulla: secreted epinephrine and norepinephrine - usually benign - causes unknown
38
pheochromocytoma clinical manifestations
- fight or flight - hypertension - tachycardia - palpitations - tremor - diaphoresis - anxiety
39
adrenal cortex hormone imbalances
- hyposecretion= addisons disease | - hypersecretion= cushings syndrome
40
addisons disease patho
- deficient cortisol and or aldosterone *** and or androgens
41
addisons disease causes | paca
- autoimmune: attacks adrenal cortex - ca - pituitary or hypothalamus problem - abrupt discontinuance or steroids: lower slowly
42
addisons disease clinical manifestations
- hypotension - sodium loss - potassium rentention - hypoglycemia - weakness - fatigue - bronze skin - nausea and vomitting
43
cushings syndrome patho
excess adrenal cortex hormones - cortisol *** - aldosterone - androgens
44
cushings syndrome causes
- hypersecretion of acth - hyper secretion of cortisol - prolonged use of glucocorticoids
45
cushings syndrome clinical manifestations
- salt and water rendition - hypokalemia - thin, fragile skin - acne - facial hair in women - amenorrhea- menstral cycle stops - moon shaped face and bloated belly
46
diabetes mellitus
glucose intolerance - faulty production of insulin - tissue insensitivey to insulin
47
type 1 diabetes
- IDDM, juvenile - 5% id diabetes cases etiology: - some genetic component (10%) - autoimmune responses to virus patho: - destruction of beta cells - pancreas secretes no insulin - more common in young, thin pt. - life long insulin given
48
type 2 diabetes
- NIDDM, adult onset - 95% of diabetes cases etiology - large genetic component (90%) - obesity: have pt. loose weight and monitor diet patho: - decreased beta cells responsiveness to glucose - can be put on oral hypoglycemias - regulate/ keep sugars in balance
49
gestational
pregnancy
50
prediabetics
- glucose intolerance | - blood sugars elevated but not diabetic
51
secondary diabetes
- drugs - pancreatic trauma - some other chronic illness that damages beta cells
52
clinical manifestations for diabestes
3 P's: - polyuria - polydispia: increased thirst - polyphagia: increased hunger - fatigue - blurred vision - infection prone - abdominal pain - headache - ketosis/acidosis blood sugars above 100
53
diagnosing diabetes
glucose tests - fasting plasma glucose > 126 mg/dl - casual plasma glucose > 200 mg/dl - glucose tolerance test > 200 mg/dl after 2 Hr additional test: glychomoglobin: normal 4% to 6%

patho (24 decks)

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