cardiovascular function a&p

Question 1

circulatory system

Answer 1

• pulmonary circulation

- systematic circulation

Question 2

pulmonary circulation

Answer 2

focuses on gas exchange with lungs

Question 3

systemic circulation

Answer 3

oxygenated blood pumped to body

Question 4

the heart structure and function

Answer 4

-located in mediastinum

consists of three layers

• epicardium
• myocardium
• endocardium

membranous sac

• pericardium
• pericardial fluid

Question 5

epicardium

Answer 5

outer most layer

Question 6

myocardium

Answer 6

middle
muscle fibers
contraction

Question 7

endocardium

Answer 7

chambers & blood vessels

Question 8

pericadium

Answer 8

double layer sac

Question 9

pericardial fluid

Answer 9

50ml

prevent friction with outer layer and sac

Question 10

four chambers

Answer 10

right/left atrium

right/left ventricle

Question 11

right/left atrium

Answer 11

top 2
thinner less muscular
receiving chambers

Question 12

right/left ventricle

Answer 12

lower
muscular
discharging chambers: blood leaves the heart

Question 13

rigth side of heart

Answer 13

right is thicker and low pressure

Question 14

left side of heart

Answer 14

high-pressure system

Question 15

values

Answer 15

tricuspid
pulmonic
mitiral
aortic

Question 16

tricupsid

Answer 16

right atrium and ventricle

Question 17

pulmonic

Answer 17

right ventricle and pulmonary

Question 18

mitral

Answer 18

left atrium and ventricle

Question 19

aortic

Answer 19

left ventricle and aorta

blood leaves for rest of body

Question 20

atrioventicle

Answer 20

separates atria from ventricle

Question 21

semilunar valves

Answer 21

they separate lower portion from artery and lung

Question 22

coronary artieres

Answer 22

left and right

provide oxygenated blood

Question 23

point of maximal impulse

Answer 23

• apex of heart

- midclavicular 5th intercostal space

Question 24

contraction of heart

Answer 24

• sa node
• av node
• bundle of his
• right and left bundle branches
• Purkinje fibers
  = one complete cardiac cycle

Question 25

sa node

Answer 25

wall of right atrium pacemaker normal cardiac impulse: 60-100 bpm (normal sinus rythum

Question 26

av node

Answer 26

lower end of right atrium | can take over for sa node 40-60 bpm

Question 27

bundle of his

Answer 27

can impulse ventricle if needed 20-35 bpm

Question 28

blood pressure

Answer 28

force blood excerts on walls of blood vessels

Question 29

fraction

Answer 29

sytole | diastole

Question 30

systole

Answer 30

force exerted on walls when heart is at work

Question 31

diastole

Answer 31

force when heart at rest

Question 32

pulse pressure

Answer 32

the difference of two pressures | the force generated with each contraction

Question 33

cardiac output

Answer 33

amount of blood pumped in one min

Question 34

ejection fraction

Answer 34

how much blood left ventricle has in each contraction

Question 35

peripheral vascular resistance

Answer 35

opposing force amount of resistance

Question 36

preload

Answer 36

amount of blood returning to heart

Question 37

afterload

Answer 37

pressure exerted so blood can be pumped out | more narrow they become= more resistance

Question 38

inspection

Answer 38

``` oxygenation, skin color extremities: hair, skin, nails, edema, color jvd cap refill clubbing ```

Question 39

palpation

Answer 39

point of max impulse extremity temp edema

Question 40

ausculation

Answer 40

heart sounds: s1 &s2 | murmers