fluid, electrolyte and acid- base homeostasis Pt.1 ch.6

Question 1

intracellecur fluid (ICF)

Answer 1

• fluid inside the cells

- 2/3 of body fluid

Question 2

extracellular fluid (ECF)

Answer 2

fluid outside the cells

• interestitial fluid- between cells
• intravascular fluid- inside the blood vessles/cappilaries
• transcellular fluid: third space (body compartment, snovial joints, sub cut tissues)

Question 3

diffusion

Answer 3

substances higher–> lower

Question 4

filtration

Answer 4

solute and substances both move across semi-permable membrane

Question 5

osmosis

Answer 5

solute (fluid or water)

- lower –> higher concentration

Question 6

intravenous solution

Answer 6

different solutes to create one of these shifts

Question 7

osmolarity

Answer 7

concentration of substances in bodily fluids

Question 8

isotonic

Answer 8

• equal solute concentrations—> no fluid shifts

Question 9

hypotonic

Answer 9

lower solute concentrations—> fluid shifts into the cell

Question 10

hypertonic solutions

Answer 10

higher solute concentrations –> fluid shift out of the cell (enters blood stream)
(higher concentration than blood)

Question 11

fluid soruces

Answer 11

• oral intake (fluid and food)

- intravenous infusion

Question 12

water is needed for

Answer 12

• cellular metabolism
• blood volume
• body temp
• vital nutrients

Question 13

fluid losses

Answer 13

water products

• urine
• feces

vomiting
insensible loss- perspiration and sweating

Question 14

fluid excess/overhydration

Answer 14

results from too much fluid in the body or dilution of electrolytes and rbc
(hypervolemia)

Question 15

dehydration

Answer 15

not enough fluid in the body, especially in the intravenous area
(hypovolemia)

Question 16

fluid imbalance- excess

Answer 16

• fluid excess is reffered to by several names depending on the compartment affected by the poor fluid distribution
• edema
• hypervolemia or fluid volume excess
• water intoxication

Question 17

edema

Answer 17

excess fluid in the interstitial space

Question 18

hypervolemia or fluid volume excess

Answer 18

excess fluid in the intravascular space

Question 19

water intoxication

Answer 19

excess fluid in the intracellular space

Question 20

causes for excess fluid

Answer 20

excessive sodium or water intake

• high sodium diet
• psychogenic polydipsia
• hypertonic fluid administration
• free water
• enteral feedings

inadequate sodium or water elimination

• system/ organ failure (renal, liver, heart)
• endocrine disorders (hyperaldosteronism, crushing syndrome, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

Question 21

clinical manifestations for excess fluid

Answer 21

• edema( peripheral, perorbital, cerebral)
• dyspnea
• bounding pulse
• tachycardia
• jvd
• htn
• polyuria
• weight gain
• crackles

Question 22

diagnosis for excess fluid

Answer 22

• H&P
• daily weights
• I&O
• labtest (CBC, chemistry)
• urinary analysis

Question 23

treatment for excess fluid

Answer 23

• compression socks
• diuretics
• restricting NA
• fluid restriction
• hypertonic solutions

Question 24

Fluid imbalance- deficit

Answer 24

• dehydration
• hypovolemia or fluid volume deficit
• decreased fluid in the intracellular space
• can occur independently without electrolyte defects

Question 25

fluid imbalance deficit reasoning

Answer 25

inadequate fluid intake

• poor oral intake
• inadequate iv fluid replacement

excessive fluid or sodium losses

• gastrointestinal losses
• excessive diaphoresis
• prolonged hyperventilation
• hemorrhage
• nephrosis
• diabetes mellitus
• diabetes insipidus
• burns
• open wounds
• ascites
• effusions
• excessive use of diuretics
• osmotic diuresis

Question 26

fluid imbalance deficit clinical manifestations

Answer 26

• thirst
• altered LOC
• hypotension
• tachycardia
• weak/thready pulse
• dry mucous membranes
• tenting skin turgor
• oliguria
• weight loss
• sunken fontanelles

Question 27

fluid imbalance deficit diagnosis

Answer 27

• h&p
• daily weights
• I&Os
• lab test (cbc & chemistry)
• U/A

Question 28

deficit treatment

Answer 28

• identifying/ managing underlying cause

- replacement fluids