endocrine function a&p Flashcards
structures
hypothalmus pituitary gland: anterior & posterior pancrease thyroid parathyroid adrenal glands
endocrine releases
in blood stream
exocrine releases
into ducts
hypothalamus
located in brain
- below thalamus
- above pituitary
hypothalamus hormone production
- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)- stimulating retention of water= hold on to water
- oxytocin= aids in contraction of uterus @ end of pregnancy and releases milk into ducts
- regulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion
hypothalamus controls body functions
homeostasis
temp
appetite
thirst
pituitary gland
“master gland”
location: below hypothalmus in brain
structure:
- two lobes:
- anterior
- posterior
anterior pituitary hormones
- thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- prolactin
- adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
- growth hormone
- lutinizing hormone (LH)
- follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
thyroid stimulating hormone
stimulates the thyroid to secrete thyroid hormone
prolactin
- stimulates milk production in the mammary glands in females
- in males it may make the testes more senstive to LH
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
stimulates the adrenal cortex to scree corticosteroids
growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin
- acts on entire body to promote protein synthesis, lipid and carbohydrates metabolism and bone and skeletal muscles growth
luteinizing hormone (LH)
a gonadotropin stimulates ovulation and estrogen and progesterone synthesis in females and the secretion of testosterone by the testes in males
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
one of the gonadotropins stimulating the production of eggs in the ovaries of females and sperm in the testes of males
- secretes estrogen and testosterone
posterior pituitary
- nerve fibers that form the posterior pituitary originate in the hypothalamus
- the posterior pituitary holds the hormones until stimulated by the nervous system to release them
posteror pituitary hormones
- oxytocin
- antidiuretic hormone
oxytocin
- stimulates contraction of the uterus during child birth
- triggers the release of milk from the breast during lactation
antidiuretic
- acts on the kidneys to reduce urine volume and prevent dehydration
- also called vasopressin
pancreas
- lies just behind stomach
- head tucked in curve of the beginning of the small intestine (duodenum) and its tail reaching to the spleen
pancreas exocrine cells
secrete digestive enzymes into ducts that drain into the small intestine
pancreas endocrine cells
- called pancreatic islets
- contain several different types of cells
- main ones being alpha cells, beta cells, and delta
thyroid
- made up of tiny sacs called thyroid follicles
- follicle filled with thick fluid called thyroid colloid
- sells lining sacs secrete two hormones T3 and T4
- can store hormones for later
- resides in neck
calcitonin
- storage of calcium in bones released if hyper calcium
- move calcium out of blood into bone
parathyroid
- embedded in the posterior corners of the lobes of thyroid
- have 4 parathyroid
